الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was planned to throw light on the adverse effect of natural sweetener (sucrose) and artificial sweetener (aspartame) and the possible way of alpha lipoic acid to ameliorate the deleterious effects which may produce from these sweeteners in rats .a total of 60 male albino rats of 150 - 200 g body weight and about 90 ± 10 days old were randomly alotted into 6 groups as follows: - G1 (control group) was given drinking water without any materials, G2 was given 0.5% alpha-lipoic acid, G3 was given 10%sucrose solution, G4 was given 10% sucrose and 0.5% lipoic acid aspartame 0.1 g / l,G5 were given aspartame0.1 g / l (100 mg / kg of body weight), G6 was given aspartame 1 g / l (100 mg / kg of body weight) and 0.5% lipoic acid. The experiment was continued for 3 months.
At 6 and 12 weeks of the experiment as well after overnight fasting, blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital plexus of rats of all groups to measure liver functions, kidney functions, lipids and glucose, and tissues of the liver and kidney to measure the enzyme antioxidant and DNA fragmentation (DNA Damage) and Pathology (Histopathology) .
The results revealed that the AST and ALT activities were increased in sucrose and aspartame treated group in comparison to untreated group or group treated with sucrose and lipoic acid only at 45-day of the experiment. There is a significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity of sucrose treated group in comparison to untreated one at 45and 90- day of the experiment at (P < 0.01). Administration of lipoic acid did not reduce the potential effect of sucrose.On the other hand aspartame had no effect on the level of alkaline phosphatase either at 45-day or at 90-day of the experiment.
Sucrose had no effect on the level of total serum protein at 45-day and 90-day of the experiment. While aspartame had no effect on total serum protein at 45 day of the experiment but it significantly decrease its level at 90 day of the experiment. Administration of lipoic acid in combination of aspartame was significantly increase the level of serum total protein at 45 day of the experiment and had no effect at 90 day of the experiment.Sucrose was significantly decreased the level of albumin /globulin at 45 day but not at 90 day of the experiment in comparison to untreated group. Administration of aspartame was significantly increased the level of serum globulin at 90 day of the experiment and had no effect at 45-day of the experiment in comparison to untreated group.
Administration of sucrose or aspartame was significantly increased level of urea only at 90-dayof the experiment in comparison to untreated group. Lipoic acid in combination of sucrose or aspartame was significantly decreased level of urea at 90-day of the experiment in comparison to sucrose or aspartame treated group.Administration of sucrose or aspartame was significantly increased level of serum creatinine at 90-day of the experiment in comparison to untreated group. Administration of aspartame was significantly decreased and increased the level of serum uric acid at 45 and 90 day respectively while sucrose decreased uric only at 45 day of the experiment in comparison to untreated group. Administration of sucrose or aspartame was significantly increased level of cholesterol and triglycerides during the experiment in comparison to untreated group. Administration of lipoic acid in combination of sucrose or aspartame was significantly decreased level of cholesterol during the experiment in comparison to sucrose or aspartame treated group.
Sucrose was significantly increased level of glucose during the experiment in comparison to untreated group. Lipoic acid in combination of sucrose was significantly decreased level of glucose during the experiment in comparison to sucrose treated group. Aspartame was significantly increased level of glucose at 45-day and decreased its level at 90-day of the experiment in comparison to untreated group. Lipoic acid in combination of aspartame was significantly decreased level of glucose at 45-day of the experiment but had no effect at 90-day of the experiment in comparison to aspartame treated group.
The results revealed that administration of sucrose or aspartame had no effect on blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and blood glucose. Administration of sucrose or aspartame significantly decreased the GSH-peroxidase, catalase, GSH-reduced, SOD, paraoxinase, arylesterase, GST and increase MDA level in liver and kidney during the experiment. Administration of lipoic acid in combination of sucrose or aspartame significantly increased the GSH-peroxidase, catalase, GSH-reduced, SOD, paraoxinase, arylesterase, GST and MDA level in liver and kidney during the experiment. Administration of lipoic acid alone significantly increased the GSH-peroxidase, catalase, GSH-reduced, SOD, paraoxinase, arylesterase, GST and MDA level in liver and kidney during the experiment in comparison to untreated group.
The histopathological score of livers of rats treated with aspartame was 43 while that of rats treated with aspartame and alpha lipoic acid was 20. The histopathology of rats treated with sucrose was 38 while that of rats treated with sucrose and alpha lipoic acid was 21.
The histopathological score of kidneys of rats treated with aspartame was 35 while that of rats treated with aspartame and alpha lipoic acid was 23. The histopathology of rats treated with sucrose was 27 while that of rats treated with sucrose and alpha lipoic acid was 18 respectively.
It could be concluded that administration of apha lipoic acid has some antioxidant effect, because they have ampriphilic properties that confer their antioxidant actions in the membrane as well as in the cytosol.