الفهرس 
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Abstract
Breast cancer the most common type of non-skin cancer and one of the most common cause of cancer death for women worldwide.
Tumor marker is a process, or substance that is altered quantitatively or qualitatively in precancerous or cancerous conditions. Tumor markers produced either by the tumor itself or by the surrounding normal tissue as a response to tumor cells. A very broad definition of a tumor marker is a tool that enables the clinician to answer clinically relevant questions regarding a cancer disease.
The possible clinical uses of tumor markers are manifold, and several categories of markers can be defined such as diagnostic markers, prognostic markers, predictive markers and monitoring markers.
Multiple serum markers for breast cancer, including assays for MUC1 protein (CA 15.3 and CA 27.29), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were not recommended for monitoring the screening, diagnosis, staging, or routine surveillance of patients free of detectable disease.
Measurement of CA 15.3 or CA 27.29 and/or CEA was recommended, however, to monitor selected patients with metastatic breast cancer undergoing palliative therapy.
Recommendation of routine measurement of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively) to identify patients most likey to benefit from endocrine therapy in either the early or metastatic disease settings was established. In addition, measurement of Her-2/neu overexpression and possibly amplification was recommended for all patients at the time of initial diagnosis or recurrence, as it is predictive of response to trastuzumab (a monoclonal antibody directed against the Her-2/neu receptor).
For patients with node-negative breast cancer; uPA and PAI-1 tests, if available, are used to estimate the prognosis. Patients with tumors that do not have uPA and PAI-1 have a very good prognosis and may not need chemotherapy.
For patients with node-negative breast cancer that is ER-positive and/or PR-positive; Oncotype DX test is used to identify patients who may be successfully treated with tamoxifen alone and may not need chemotherapy.
Multiple tumor markers that are under development; will show a good progress in the field of breast cancer diagnosis. They include BRCA 1&2 genes, cyclin D1, SMAR1, SATB1,BTG3/ANA/APRO4, CDP/CUX, caveolin, CD24, serum amyloid A (SAA), adiponectin, liponectin, tear fluid markers, salivary fluid markers, methylation markers, mRNAs and most of glycobiomarkers and lipid markers.
We concluded that clinicians should be aware of the risk of breast cancer and the use of tumor markers in breast cancer diagnosis.
This work highlighted the role of tumor markers in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis and follow up.