![]() | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص Abstract This thesis included preface, five chapters and conclusion. The preface explored the Economic Conditions in Iraq before 1972. This section studied the economic conditions that represented by the agriculture and its significant role in Iraq as well as the industry and its role in the economical, commercial and the petroleum developments before Nationalization. The First chapter entitled The Oil Sector, which examined the significant features of the Iraqi oil; its reservoir, production, the most important fields and oil lines in Iraq. This section also dealt with the petroleum policy of the Iraqi Government and the oil Nationalization decision. Accordingly, this section also focused on the Arabic attitudes, journalism and the international reactions of the foreign major oil companies toward this decision. In addition, this section explained the production of the natural gas in Iraq and its reservoir as well as its lines of transport and export. Consequently, the second chapter entitled The Industrial Sector, which dealt with the importance of the industrial sector, the ingredients and factors of development the Iraqi industry. This chapter also studied the procedures of the economic development in public and private industrial sectors, the industrial bank and its finance for the small and huge industrial projects. Similarly, in this chapter the researcher traced the manufacturing industry and the difficulties that faced this sector. Continually, this chapter studied the importance of the extractive industries like the extraction of oil and its role in economy and the difficulties that faced the industry of oil refinement in Iraq, the significant projects that were done by the Iraqi government. The Third chapter The Agricultural Sector exhibited the importance of the agricultural sector, its policies and the agricultural procedures like the Agricultural Reform Law No. 117 and its principles and impact on the agricultural situation. This chapter also traced the developments in the agricultural sector and the role of the agricultural banks in this development through the granted loans for farmers and the Iraqi animal and agricultural production size. In ٤٠٢ Abstract addition, the chapter showed the most prominent agricultural regulations used by the Iraqi government and the role of those regulations in the development and improvement of the agricultural production as well as overcame the difficulties and problems that could face the agricultural sector. The Fourth chapter entitled The Commercial Sector, dealt with the significance of foreign trade, its characteristics and features as well as the developments that took place in this sector. The chapter also studied the commodity structure of the Iraqi imports and the major Iraqi goods as well as the exported states for those goods. In addition, this chapter mentioned the most prominent goods that exported by Iraq and the imported states for those goods as well as the development in the internal trade, the Iraqi Balance of Trade and the difficulties and problems of exporting. The Fifth chapter The Effects of Iran-Iraq War on the Iraqi Economy focused on the Iraqi economy before war and the damages that accompany the Iraqi petroleum institutions. In this chapter, the researcher examined the financial damages that resulted from the oil breakdown and the debts that economy of Iraq suffered from because of war. Accordingly, in this chapter the researcher discussed the effects of war on the agricultural sector and the transformative industry. Finally, this chapter affirmed how the government moved toward the private sector to reduce the effects of war after the fiscal deficit of Iraq during that period. The conclusion came to affirm the results and facts that the researcher found after this study: The political leadership of Iraq recognized the importance of this wealth (Oil) after the Revolution of 17th July 1968 and that any development for the economy must come through the control on the national wealth of the country as well as to liberated these wealth from foreign control. In addition, the most prominent goals of this policy was to release the petroleum wealth which was the first step to unify the internal political front and continue the direct petroleum investment as well as get benefit from the external circumstances like the rising in prices by OPEC and other petroleum Nationalizations in Libya and Algeria. The historical decision of the Iraqi Nationalization was one of the prominent goals of the revolution which is the control on this national wealth. This decision also put an end to huge squandering for the associated petroleum gas through the process of burning that done by the foreign companies where a huge portion of this gas approximate 85% from the extracting quantities. In addition, a new period of the direct national investment started and discovered new oil fields that helped to increase the national production and reservoir which by return assisted the Iraqi government with many financial returns that could invest it in developing the Iraqi economy through the developing of the industrial, commercial and agricultural sectors. Similarly, the government used those returns also to develop those sectors and achieved a notable position among other petroleum countries. For this reason the period of the seventies is regarded to be the golden age for Iraq because of the great developments in theParadoxically, the Iran-Iraq war had a great effect on the Iraqi economy where it drained all the financial returns and destroyed most of the significant financial resources which were the oil installation. This war also led to pause in the Iraqi exports which cost Iraq after the end of the war about 452,6 Billion Dollar. The war also executed all the efforts of development in the different sectors like industry, agriculture and oil as well as the stoppage of the development projects and the industrial installation that destroyed by war. |