الفهرس 
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Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms (bacteria and yeast) that when administered in adequate amounts, confers health benefits on the host. The positive biomedicinal effects of probiotics consist in their ability to inhibit digestive tract pathogens, optimize digestion and stimulate the immune system. Probiotics also exhibit anti-tumoural, antiallergenic and anti-cholesterol actions. So, This study aimed to investigate the biochemical effect of probiotics on salmonella Enteritidis infected chicks as well as measures of some biochemical and immunological parameters and see if can probiotic minimize salmonella enteritidis hazards. In this study, two hundredand ten (Cobb breed) chicks one day old were used. Ten chicks were proved to be free from Salmonella enteritidis by bacteriological culture of samples which taken from randomly selected ten chicks. The other Chicks were divided into 5 groups. all groups were reared in separate experimental rooms as following: group (A): Contained 40 birds fed on balanced ration.group (B): Contained 40 birds fed on balanced ration enriched with microbaccontinuously throughout experimental period and not infected group (C): contained 40 birds fed on balanced ration and experimentally infected with salmonella enteritidis at 10 day of age orally by adose 0.1 ml (10× 106 CFU). (Only infected and not treated) group (D): Contained 40 birds fed on balanced ration and enriched with probac from first day of experiment before infection and then experimentally infected with Salmonella enteritidis at 10 day of age orally by adose 0.1 ml(10× 106 CFU).( firstly treated and then infected) group (E): Contained 40 birds experimentally infected with Salmonella entritdis firstly at 10 day of age orally by adose 0.1 ml (10× 106 CFU)then supplied with balanced ration enriched with microbac after infection (firstly infected and then treated) Blood sample was collected from wing vein of thechicks at the 25 and 50 days of experiment and divided as follow: Serum: blood was collected in plain clean well-dried centrifuge tube and used for separation of serum by centrifugation at 3000rpm for 5 minute for obtaining clear serum to be used in estimation of biochemical parameters and serological studies. Specimens from liver, heart ,blood, intestine, caecum and yolk sac were aseptically collected at 4th, 18th and 32nd days post infection (p.i ) and were used for bacteriological studies.to assure experimental infection Specimens from, liver, kidneys, and, intestine were collected and preserved in neutral formalin solution (10%) for histopathological examination. Our Results Showed that:- Effect of probiotic administration on serum total protein concluded that the higher level of total protein was in group (D) and there were non significant changes between different groups of experiment Serum total albumin electrophoresis showed that the higher level of seum total albumin were in group (E) which infected firstly then treated with probiotic olso same results were obtained with B-globulin Concerning gamma globulin the higher level were in group(D) which treated with probiotic firstly then infected and olso the higher level of total globulin were in group (D) Concerning A/G ratio the higher level were in group (D)which treated with probiotic firstly then infected. The probiotics improve the level of serum proteins (total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulins and albumin/globulin ratio) and the level of serum protein increased in the groups treated with probiotics + salmonella Liver Function test:- Concerning ALT ,AST,GGT,ALP activities there were asignificant decrease in group (B) which treated with probiotic only and in group (D) which treated with probitic firstly then infected with Salmonella The addition of probiotic to the poultry diets improve the level of ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase and GGT, while the salmonella in broiler chicks its will secrete the toxins that affect and decrease the liver efficiency so it will causes increasing the level of serum enzymes ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase and GGT. Urea Function Test:- Our results showed that there were increase in the level of urea .uric acid and creatinine level in group(C)Salmonella treated group only. The addition of probiotics to the broiler ratio improve and decrease the level of urea, uric acid and creatinine level in the blood of broilers Lipid Profile:- Our obtained results showed that there were asignificant decrease in level of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol,LDLc and increase the level of HDLc in probiotic group and probiotic salmonella treated group and there were increase in the level of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol,LDLc in Salmonella infected group only Reduced glutathione, Malondialdehyde,Total antioxidant Capacity:- The salmonella infection causes increasing the level of malondialdehyde were in group (C) Salmonella infected only and the lowe level were in probiotic group while addition of probiotics to broiler ration improve the malondialdehyde level. The probiotic increased the level of reduced glutathione in group (B) and the salmonella infection decreased the level of reduced glutathione.group (C) The probiotic increased the level of total antioxidant capacity in group (B) and the salmonella infection decreased the level of total antioxidant capacity.in group (C) The probiotics improve the level of immunoglobulins M, G and A. Calcium,Inorganic phosphorus and Zinc:- There were non significant changes between different groups of experiment but The probiotics improved the level of calcium and inorganic phosphorus and zinc . The probiotic improved the immunity of the chicks against Newcastle disease through improving the immunoglobulin inhibition for Newcastle disease. Histopathological Changes for Liver kidneyand Intestine:- the results of the histopathological examination of the liver, kidneys and intestine, in control group and probiotic treated revealed no abnormal changes. Meanwhile the examined organs of the chicks in salmonella treated group, probiotic + salmonella and salmonella + probiotic treated group showed histopathological alterations which were more severe in salmonella treated group.