الفهرس 
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Abstract
Meat has been widely consumed as an important protein source in daily life of human. Furthermore, with busy and intense urban lifestyle, processed foods and meat productsare now one of the main protein sources of one’s diet. Consumers rely on the food labeling to decide if purchased meat product is safe and reliable. Therefore, it is important to ensure the food labeling is done in a correct manner to avoid consumer fraud.
Nowadays, meat adulteration constitutes an important problem in Egypt, Adulteration cause many problems that need to be considered as economic issues that arising from replacement of high commercial value meat species with cheaper or undesired meats, religious issues as pork meat prohibited for Muslims and allergic reactions arising from consumption of some special meats as equine meat species and others. Biotechnological methods as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been proposed as useful means for identifying the species origin in meat and meat products, due to their high specificity and sensitivity, as well as rapid processing time and cost effective method.
The current study include asurveillance study was aimed to detect the adulteration of beef and poultry meat products with equine or pork meat species in Damanhour city, El Bohiera Governorate. Over a limited period of one year from February (2015) to February (2016) with tacking samples with two months interval between each sample.
A total of (156) sample divided to two groups:-
group (A) included 96 packaged high brands of three meat processing plants (A-B-C with 6 samples for each plant for each type) including (18) beef luncheon, (18) beef burger, (18) beef kofta , (18) chicken luncheon, (12) chicken burger and (12) chicken kofta.
group (B) included (60) non packaged low brand samples including beef ( luncheon- burger- kofta- minced meat- sausage) with (6) samples for each type and chicken ( luncheon -burger -kofta -minced meat- sausage)with (6) samples for each type .
All collected samples were analyzed for detection of adulteration with equine or pork meat using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test using specific primers for equine and pork species as the molecular weight of equine was 221 bp, while pork molecular weight was 290 bp .DNA was extracted from all collected samples and examined for presence of equine or pork meat.
For determination of detection limit of the test, test meat mixtures were made by mixing beef and poultry meat with equine and pork meat speciesseparately with percent from 0.1% to 10%.
Results of the study revealed that adulteration of beef luncheon, beef burger and chicken luncheon was (16.6%), (5.5%) and (5.5%) respectively, that detected to be adulterated with equine meat species, The adulteration rate of processed meat products with equine meat species was found to be 3.2%. detection limit found to be 0.1%. The findings of this study indicated that adulteration of meat products and meat substitution are malpractices in meat industry in Egyptian market as adulteration rate in this study is (3.2%) that considered a higher rate as in normal it should be (0%). So the Egyptian authorities have to move to protect health of consumers all over Egypt for having high value meat product.