الفهرس 
Adolescence and Substance Use DisordersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 193 |  |  |
| | | from | 193 | | |
Abstract
The current study is a cross sectional case–control study. It was carried out at the Adolescents’ substance abuse outpatient clinic, Helwan psychiatric hospital. The sample consisted of 2 groups; a case group, where 81 male adolescents with age range of 12-18 years diagnosed as having substance use disorders were included in the study. The second group was a control group which includes 80 volunteers of male adolescents matched for age, socioeconomic class and IQ with the case group.
All participants in both groups were assessed using The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) for Clinical diagnosis of substance use disorder and any co-morbidities, the Arabic version was used, The scoring system of Fahmy and El-Sherbini for measurement of socioeconomic status was used to assess the socioeconomic status (SES), The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and The Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ) were used for assessment of personality traits, the Arabic versions were used, Questionnaire of Parental Attitudes as Realized by Adolescents for perceived parental styles assessment for each of fathers and mothers.Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire Adolescent Version (ASQ-AV) which includes 50 items and 10 factors (self dissatisfaction, risky behavior, non-reliability, self-exhibition, positive thoughts toward drugs, dissatisfaction with family, poor faith and spirituality, deviation from norms, self centeredness and risky relationships with friends).
As regards perceived parenting our results showed that the mothers of adolescents in the case group showed significantly higher independence in their parenting, as well as significantly higher consistency with their sons. While the fathers of the case group showed very highly statistically significant rejecting parenting style, also the results showed that the Paternal parenting styles of the case group were significantly more negative compared to the control group. Regarding addiction susceptibility our results showed that adolescents of the case group had higher scores on applying ASQ. Also as regards personality traits, on comparing the EPQ and JEPQ Scores, cases had significantly higher Psychoticism and Neuroticism personality traits respectively. While regarding Psychiatric Co-morbidity, Comparison of the results of the MINI-KID between both groups showed a very highly significant difference between both groups where more members of the case group met criteria of; major depressive disorder, Conduct disorder, Oppositional defiant disorder, life time psychotic disorders and Mood disorder with psychotic features. Also Our results showed that the fathers of the case group who have psychiatric co-morbidity showed more paternal rejection, meanwhile mothers of the case group who have psychiatric co-morbidity showed more consistency than the mothers of the control group who have psychiatric co-morbidity.
The correlation between personality traits and addiction susceptibility for the case group (substance dependent adolescents) showed that there were statistically significant positive correlations between Psychoticism and some sub-scales and total score of ASQ, There was also a statistically significant positive correlation between the Lie sub-scale of the EPQ and deviation from norms sub-scale, In addition to a statistically significant negative correlation between Extraversion and poor faith and spirituality. While for the control group (Healthy control adolescents) there was a significant positive correlation between Psychoticism and most of the subscales of addiction susceptibility questionnaire (ASQ) except 2 subscales, also there was positive correlation between Psychoticism and total score of ASQ. In addition to a statistically significant positive correlation between Extraversion personality trait in adolescents of the control group and the sub-scale of ASQ called positive thoughts towards drugs.
The correlation between perceived paternal parenting and addiction susceptibility for the case group (substance dependent adolescents) showed that there was only statistically significant positive correlation with positive thoughts towards drugs and statistically significant negative correlation between rejection-receptivity subscale and dissatisfaction with family. Meanwhile there was a statistically significant negative correlation between total score of paternal Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized by adolescents and dissatisfaction with family. While for the control group (Healthy control adolescents) there was a statistically significant negative correlation between dependence–independence sub-scale of Paternal parenting of the control group and some sub-scales and total score of ASQ. Also there were statistically significant negative correlations between paternal inconsistency- consistency sub-scale of the control group and some sub-scales and total score of ASQ. In addition to statistically significant negative correlations between paternal rejection-receptivity sub-scales of the control group and some sub-scales and total score of ASQ. Meanwhile the discrimination –equality subscale of paternal parenting in the control group had statistically significant negative correlation with some sub-scales and with total score of ASQ. As regards the total score of paternal Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized by adolescents of the control group there were statistically significant negative correlations with some sub-scales and total score of ASQ.
The correlation between perceived maternal parenting and addiction susceptibility for the case group (substance dependent adolescents) showed a statistically significant negative correlation between maternal rejection – receptivity and dissatisfaction with family. In addition to a statistically significant negative correlation between the total score of maternal Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized by adolescents and dissatisfaction with family. While for the control group (Healthy control adolescents) there were significant negative correlations between rejection-receptivity subscale of the control group and some sub-scales of ASQ also there were statistically significant negative correlation with the total score of ASQ. And statistically significant negative correlations between discrimination-equality sub-scale of maternal Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized by adolescents of the control group and some sub-scales of ASQ in addition to the total score of ASQ. As regards the total score of maternal Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized by adolescents and its correlations with subscales of ASQ in the control group there were statistically significant negative correlations with some sub-scales total score of ASQ.