الفهرس 
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Abstract
T
he safety and efficacy of regional anaesthesia for patients
undergoing caesarean section is established, but one limitation of spinal anaesthesia is the relatively short duration of postoperative analgesia. Postoperative pain is associated with neuroendocrine responses, catecholamine release and increased morbidity. In addition, effective pain relief facilitates early ambulation and care of the newbom (Malleeswaran et al., 2010).
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into the cell Via a
noncompetitive blockade of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)
receptor. Magnesium and the NMDA receptor are thought to be
involved in the modulation of pain. Magnesium is also a physiological calcium antagonist at different voltage-gated channels (which may be important in the mechanisms of antinociception (Christopher et al., 2007).
The characteristics of magnesium (having an anesthetic- and analgesic-sparing effect) nenable anesthesiologists to reduce the use of anesthetics during surgery and the use of analgesics after surgery. Magnesium sulfate has a high therapeutic index and cost-effectiveness. Considering these diverse characteristics useful for anesthesia, appropriate use of magnesium sulfate would improve surgical outcome
and patients’ satisfaction (Do, 2013).
Although many studies concluded that Systemi administration of perioperative magnesium reduces postoperative pain and opioid consumption), and that Magnesium administration should be considered as a strategy to mitigate postoperative pain in surgical patients (De Oliveira et al., 2013), studying the true impact of magnesium on the quality of postoperative analgesia have been conflicting. It remains unclear what the optimal regimen is (Christopher et al., 2007).
Magnesium has been used by various routes, including
intravenous, intrathecal, and epidural in different dosage regimens. The effect of single bolus dose of magnesium as an adjuvant to spinal anesthesia using whether intravenous ~ epidural for postoperative analgesia has not been studied.
The study included five and seventy lady underwent surgery Caesarean section, they were enrolled after provision of consent to participation. Patients ranged between the ages of twenty and forty years. All patients were classified as ASA I or II.
The study patients were divided randomly into three different groups:
• group A: Twenty- five parturient were enrolled and only spinal anesthetic was activated
• group B: Twenty- five parturient were enrolled and spinal anesthetic was activated in addition to intravenous injection of magnesium
• group C: Twenty- five parturient were enrolled and both spinal anesthesia and epidural injections were activated
Monitoring of all patients during surgery in terms of heart rate, average blood pressure, and the degree of saturation of the blood was done.
The postoperative pain score and the first time to order analgesics was recorded, in addition to monitoring the occurrence of any complications in the postoperative period, such as nausea or vomiting as well as the patient satisfaction. The results were analyzed statistically and displayed.
In our study, it was confirmed that magnesium sulfate is a potent postoperative analgesic whether given intravenous or through epidural route
.