الفهرس 
CONTENTS
History of MAPOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
MAP is the cause of Para tuberculosis “JD” in cattle that causes serious and significant economic losses in cattle production. Also, it is supposed to be the causative agent of CD in human, because it has high thermal resistance even it resists pasteurization temperatures. Hence, it has significant public health. In the present study, the presence of MAP was investigated by serological and molecular methods in herds of dairy cattle. Both milk and blood samples of 88 suspected affected dairy cattle with Para tuberculosis were collected from different dairy farms from different governorates in Egypt and transported to the laboratory with a minimum of delay. CMT was performed on milk samples. Indirect Para tuberculosis ELISA was used for detection of MAP antibodies in milk and serum samples “for serological investigation”. PCR was utilized for molecular identification of MAP from milk samples. 7 (7.95%), 33 (37.5%), 26 (29.55%) and 22 (25%) of 88 milk samples were CMT (++), CMT (+), suspicious and negative by CMT, respectively. According to ELISA results of milk samples, 24 (27.27%) and 64 (72.73%) were positive and negative, respectively. On the basis of the ELISA results of serum samples, it was found that 26 (29.55%), 1 (1.14%) and 61 (69.32%) were positive, suspicious and negative, respectively. In PCR of milk samples, MAP DNA was detected in 21 (23.86%). It is clear from these results that ELISA of serum constituting the highest number of positive samples, after that ELISA of milk and finally PCR of milk. Although, it was found that there is no significant statistical difference between these results by Chi-square method. It is evident that 13 (54.17%) of 24 positive cattle by ELISA of milk, 12 (46.13%) of the positive cattle by ELISA of serum and 11(52.38%) of 21 positive cattle by PCR of milk may be suffered from subclinical mastitis. These results showed that mastitis symptoms in Para tuberculosis were subclinical. It was noted that 4 dairy cattle were positive in all three techniques (ELISA of milk, ELISA of serum and PCR of milk), while 19 dairy cattle were positive by two techniques (ELISA of milk and serum). Also, 22 dairy cattle were positive only by one technique as; 1, 4 and 17 dairy cattle were positive by ELISA of milk, ELISA of serum and finally PCR of milk, respectively. from the obtained results, there are animals detected by PCR only while, these animals were negative by ELISA. On the other hand, other animals were positive by ELISA while, they were negative by PCR. Hence, from this study, there is no enough technique used for detection of MAP infection and complementary diagnostic tests must be used for detection. Using a combination of more than one method to obtain accurate results in the detection of MAP may be useful. The public health significance of MAP and the maximal efforts and recommendations which should be made to control this microorganism were discussed in this study.