الفهرس 
المحتوياتيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The offerings are an essential part of the daily rituals of the temples, which include many scenes covering their walls and ceilings. The temples have become an open theater that depicts, with scenes and texts, various rites and legends known in the Ancient Egyptian Civilization. Each of these offerings had a specific ritual attached to it, and a clear goal based on the mutual benefit between the king who consecrates the offering and the idol who receives that offering. At the time when the king presents the offering to the idol, he wishes that he would grant him something or a specific gift in return. As a matter of fact, these offerings were depicted on the walls of the temples within a specific and organized framework, in which most of the temples were similar. Moreover, the offerings depicted in a particular room are related to the role played by this room in the temple. Also, there is always a relationship between each scene and the one next or opposite to it on the other wall, in terms of the type of offering or idol that receives the gift. To put it another way, the offering-Sekhet is a general and comprehensive expression of the endowments granted to the temples of the various productive fields. The Pharaonic period witnessed the appearance of numerous numbers of gift plates or paintings depicting one of the kings or princes carrying a sacrificial offering in front of an idol - the purpose of which was to record the ownership of the lands that were given to a temple or idol on behalf of a king. Although these paintings were known since the seventeenth Dynasty, they spread significantly from the late era until the end of the Greco-Roman period.
The depiction of offering-Sekhet is not different from the ones on the stelae. Both of them serve the same purpose, which is to commemorate the gifts and endowments of the productive fields given to the temples. This happened in spite of the fact that scenes depicted in the temples have taken a broader framework as they were associated with many other rituals and offerings in the temples. In fact, the choice of this subject is due to its importance religiously speaking and due to other perspectives. This is because it is considered as a reference to the kings’ control over the agricultural lands and the fertile fields scattered throughout the country. The fields of Sekhet have been associated with the Sed-Festival of the kings since the Old kingdom and specifically in the Fifth Dynasty. The occupation of this offering of large areas or a large space of temples compared to other offerings is a clear expression of the thriving economic situation of the country. This is to be reflected directly on the temples and endowments allocated to them by kings and rulers so that they have the blessing of the worshipers and support priests. The study, beforehand, aims at identifying clearly this offering and the importance called for its depiction excessively inside the temples especially in the late era of Ancient Egyptian History. Actually, this is the period that witnessed the fall of the country under the control of foreign rulers, as well as the recognition of the rituals and Festivals that have been associated with them. The study is based on counting all the scenes of the offering depicted on the walls of the various temples and their various extensions. It also translates the texts and scenes of the offering and analyzes them; bearing in mind that a number of these scenes have been dealt with in some other studies either in terms of translation or analysis.
In describing the offering, this current study has depended on the geographical location of the temples. It is divided into several chapters. Each chapter deals with the temples located in a specific geographic area. It begins with the southern provinces of the country. Taking into account the priority of the scenes dating back to the Pharaonic period, the researcher was keen to take scenes of the temples of the oases in the first chapter because these are the oldest scenes of the offering - which dates back to the era of the twenty-seventh Dynasty - the temple of Hibis in the outhouse oasis.
While the second chapter deals with the scenes of all the Nubian temples located south of the city of Aswan, whether those temples which remained in their original location or others that were transferred to other places nearby after the construction of the High Dam, as well as the temples that were dedicated to foreign countries in recognition of their efforts in the rescue of the monuments of Nubia, The temples of Dendur and Daboud and the gate of Kalabsha. The third chapter tackles the temples built on the island of Philae, where there are many different monuments; the island includes - along with the great Temple of Isis - other temples such as the Temple of Hathor. The fourth chapter deals with the temple of Kom-Ombo. The fifth chapter deals with the scenes of the Edfou temple, which is one of the most important temples in the Greco-Roman period, where most of its architectural elements and accessories are preserved in other temples. The temple keeps a large number of offerings, which are characterized by its many texts. The sixth chapter is dedicated to the study of the texts of the offering in the remaining part of the great temple of Esna. Only the large Roman columned hall and the facade of the Ptolemaic hall remain from the temple. The seventh chapter deals with all the scenes of the offering in the temples located in the fourth region of Upper Egypt, where it included the temples of Thebes, and Arment. The scenes of the temple of Hathor in Dendara are in the eighth Chapter, which also included the scenes of the Temple of Isis, located south of the temple of Hathor. Then chapter nine includes the offerings of the temple of Shenhur, the remnants of the Qus temple and other temples. Finally, the conclusion includes the most important results of the study, such as that the offering of Sekhet is a general term refers to all types of fields and productive lands known to the ancient Egyptian at the time and have varied fields by geographical location, and also depending on the method of irrigation and land management.