الفهرس 
Physiology of Hemostasis and Coagulation CascadeOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Bleeding is the second leading cause of death after trauma. Initial care of the patient with hemorrhage focuses on restoring circulating blood volume and reversing coagulopathy. Trauma and injury can initiate the coagulation cascade. Patients with massive bleeding should be resuscitated with goal-directed therapy, applying recent recommendations of goal-directed therapy, massive transfusion protocols, fixed ratios, markedly impact the outcome.
Objectives: This review aims to study the physiology of hemostasis and coagulation cascade, causes, pathophysiology and management of disorders of hemostasis in critical care unit.
Data sourses: Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, Science Direct) and all materials available in the Internet till 2017.
Study selection: This search presented 150 articles. The articles studied the causes, pathophysiology and management of disorders of hemostasis in critical care unit.
Data extraction: If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information and defined assessment measures.
Conclusion: Massive bleeding with coagulopathy and hemorrhagic shock poses a potential threat to life in numerous clinical settings. Optimal treatment including the prevention of exsanguination necessitates a standardized and interdisciplinary approach. Several studies have shown the importance of massive transfusion protocols and standardized coagulation algorithms to improve survival of severely bleeding patients and to avoid secondary complications.