الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pregnancy is not only a time of joy and great anticipation for most expectant families, but also a time of significant psychosocial and developmental transition and adaptation. Although pregnancy is a normal physiological process, not a disease, it is sometimes associated with certain risks to health and survival for both the woman and her fetus. Thus, a tremendous hope for the future can suddenly be halted by the diagnosis of a complicated pregnancy.
However, the IPI is viewed as an important and modifiable factor for birth outcomes. It classified as normal IPI (18-23 months); sort IPI ( less than 18 months), and long IPI ( more than 23 months). Short IPI has been associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, ranging from preterm birth and low birth weight to neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, long IPI has been associated with increased risk for preeclampsia and labor dystocia.
The relation between IPI and birth outcomes is entirely due to maternal factors that are correlated with IPI and the birth outcome in question. Such confounders could include various aspects of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, demographics, and lifestyle.
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between inter-pregnancy interval and pregnancy outcome.