الفهرس 
Types and Pathophysiology of Intensive Care Unit Acquired WeaknessOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) is an increasingly complication of survivors of critical illness. It should be suspected in the presence of a patient with a flaccid tetraparesis or tetraplegia with hyporeflexia or absent deep tendon reflexes and difficult to weaning from mechanical ventilation in the absence of different diagnoses. Important risk factors are age, sepsis, illness duration and severity, some drugs (neuromuscular blockers, steroids). Electrophysiological studies have shown an axonal damage of involved peripheral nerves (critical illness polyneuropathy). However, muscle can also be primitively affected (critical illness myopathy) leading to ICUAW with inconstant myopathic damage patterns in electromyographic studies. Mixed forms can are present (critical illness polyneuromyopathy. Although the pathophysiology remains obscure, the hypothesis of an acquired channelopathy is substantial. Electroneuromyography is crucial for diagnosis. Muscular and nerve biopsy are necessary for diagnosis confirmation. Aggressive treatment of baseline disease, prevention, through avoiding or minimizing precipitating factors, strict glycemic control, and early rehabilitation combining mobilization with physiotherapy and muscle electrical muscle stimulation, are the keys to improving recovery of the affected individuals.
Objectives: The aim of this essay is to review the incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology of intensive care unit acquired weakness as well as its management to improve outcome of ICU survivors.
Data soursees: Med line database (PubMed. Medscape. Science Direct0, and all materials available in the internet till 2017.
Study selection: This search presented 120 articles. The articles studied the types, pathophysilogy, recovery ,and prevention of Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness (ICUAW).
Data Extraction: If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria they were excluded study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained eligibility, criteria specified appropriate controls ,adequate information and defined assessment measure.
Conclusion: ICU acquired weakness (ICUAW) represents a severe and frequent complication of critical illness. It is believed that ICUAW can affect more than half of all ICU patients. This major neuromuscular complication of critical illness is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality, markedly affecting both short-term and long-term clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.