الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Women throughout the world suffer from violence. They experience physical harm, loss of life, emotional and psychological pain, lost productivity, and much more. Society suffers the economic cost of treating and rehabilitating women survivors of violence, healing emotionally damaged children and families of survivors, the loss of women`s contribution to development, and prosecuting perpetrators. There are also the unquantifiable costs of traumatized individuals and dysfunctional families.
While it may be pervasive, violence against women is not inevitable. Both governmental and nongovernmental stakeholders have a central role in reducing violence for the benefit of the whole society. Creating conditions where women live free from violence is fundamental to the development of a peaceful and productive society. It is a core principle in international law and international agreements ratified by Egypt.
Only recently, due to the efforts of women`s organizations, experts, and committed government officials around the world, has the issue of violence against women been recognized as more than a minor ”social problem” or, as in the case of domestic violence, a private matter. Now, violence against women is identified as a serious human right and public health issue that concerns all sectors of society. Violence against women is considered a type of discrimination and violation of human rights by the international community, including Egypt.
Worldwide, abuse during pregnancy has been identified as an important problem with significant consequences for maternal and infant health. Approximately 6 percent of women who have ever been pregnant reported that they have ever-experienced physical violence during pregnancy in Egypt.