الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present thesis is divided into three chapters:
Chapter (1): which include introduction and literature review of
wastewater pollution by organic and inorganic compounds and their
harmful effects on the environment. Hence, light is focused on Cr(VI)
and methylene blue dye as two representative types of water pollutants.
Also, a survey is illustrated on the feature of biosorbents use for
wastewater treatment from the organic and inorganic compounds as
pollutants.
Chapter (2): which deal with experimental work, methods of solutions
preparations and different measurements carried out during the present
study.
Chapter (3): which includes the results and discussion where it is
divided into two parts:
Part (1) preparation of magnetic – Schiff base chitosan composite from
shrimp peels and its use in removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater.
This type of biosorbent was prepared by the reaction of extracted chitosan
from shrimp peels with ferrous, ferric ions and Schiff base, where the
structure and morphology of the prepared composite were identified
using FTIR, SEM and EDX.
The composite was characterized by fast and higher sorption toward
Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution at abroad ranges of pH value.
Significant differences were also detected on SEM and EDX analyses
after Cr(VI) sorption. Its removal efficiency reached to 99.1% with
Cr(VI) concentration up to 400 mg/L. The sorption isotherm was
described by the Langmuir equation and the process was endothermic and
spontaneous with increased randomness. The uptake kinetics was
described by the pseudo-second order rate equation. The sorption
capacity declined as the increase of NaCl concentration. Cr(VI) ions were
efficiently desorbed from loaded sorbent with alkaline solution of 2 M of
NaCl in 0.5 M NaOH. The sorbent was reused through four
sorption/desorption cycles with a limited loss in efficiency less than 2.78
% at the fourth sorption cycle.
Part (2) preparation of biosorbent extracted from bivalve shells for
removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater.
In this part, CaCO3 was extracted in the form of aragonite from bivalve
shells from Port Said city shores, where the structure and morphology of
the biosorbent were examined using FTIR, SEM, Zeta potential and
Energy Dispersion X-ray. The surface area of CaCO3 particles was
measured using methylene blue dye. The obtained results indicated that it
had a removal percentage more than 93.6% with concentration up to 20
mg/L. The sorbent showed a fast kinetics for M.B sorption. The nature of
interaction between the dye and the sorbent was found to be dependent
upon the acidity of the medium. The adsorption isotherms were well
fitted by the Langmuir equation. Uptake kinetics was correctly fitted by
the pseudo-second order rate equation. The sorption reaction was
spontaneous at high temperature and non-spontaneous at low
temperature. The randomness of the system increased with M.B sorption.
The sorbent maintained its high sorption capacity even under drastic
conditions of high ionic strength. It was successfully tested for color
removal form dyeing facility with efficiency reached to 95%.
So, the present study recommends using of ecofriendly biosorbents
extracted from shrimp peels and bivalve shells. It was proved that these
two biosorbents have high removal efficiency against chromium and M.B
dye, respectively.