الفهرس 
Clinical Pharmacology of BetaBlockersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Abstract
Background: Critical care medicine is currently well established medical specialty with specific therapies, publications, practical and cognitive skills, and associated procedures. The evolution of critical care units (ICU) has had significant implications in clinical medicine.
Beta-blockers were initially developed in the 1960s, for the treatment of angina pectoris but are now also used for hypertension, heart failure and certain arrhythmias.
Aims: The aim of essay is to determine the current consensus, or the difference of opinions of various investigators regarding the use of beta (β)-blockers in deferent diseases especially in critical care situations.
Summary: Beta-blockers are catecolamine competitive inhibitors and act through alpha and beta adrenergic receptors blockade. Different agents have a dose-dependent affinity for different beta adrenergic receptors (beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3) which is less with higher doses. The most important therapeutic effects of beta-blockers are on cardiovascular system, where they act as negative chronotropic and inotropic agents, lowering cardiac work and improving oxygen demand /supply ratio. Clinical indications are numerous.
Keywords: Medical Controversies, Beta-Blockers, Critical Care Situations