الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the infection and to evaluate molecular technique and microscopical examination for diagnosis of blood parasites in equine and camels in some areas in Behera and Alexandria governorates.
In this study, the results of clinical examination of 93 horses, 4 mules and 53 donkeys revealed that 10 horses and 15 donkeys were feverish, 74 horses, 53 donkeys and one mule were emaciated, 76 horses, 48 donkeys and one mule suffering from jaundice and anemia, 2 horses and one donkeys suffering from edema and 2 donkeys were tick infested.
In our study, the prevalence rate of equine piroplasmosis using Giemsa stained blood smear was 10% (9.6% in horses, 9.4% in donkeys and 25% in mules). The highest prevalence was found in age group ranged from 5-10 years as 13.3%. The prevalence rate was higher in males (10) than females (5), it was recorded as (11.1%) and (8.3%), respectively. The highest number of infected animals was found in extra hot months (14%) and in Behera governorate (10.8%).
In our study, PCR technique was found more sensitive than conventional microscopical examination of stained blood smear for diagnosis of equine piroplasmosis, where during examination of 10 blood samples by blood film; the result indicated that only one sample was positive while using PCR technique it was found that 7 samples were positive with T. equi.
The prevalence of blood parasites using Giemsa stained blood smear for examination of 135 camels submitted to kom-Hamada, Behera abattoir for slaughter was 1.4%, 7.4%, 3.7% and 11.1%, for Trypanosoma evansi, Theileria spp., Babesia spp. and Anaplasma spp., respectively. The higher prevalence found in males than females and in age group ranged from 5-10 years.
It was found that PCR technique more sensitive than stained blood smear in diagnosis of camel trypanosomiasis, where during examination of 10 blood samples by blood film, the result indicated that 2 samples were positive, while using PCR technique it was found that 7 samples were positive with T. evansi.
Examination of 10 negative blood smears by conventional PCR technique, the results indicated that one sample was positive for theileria spp. and another sample was positive for babesia spp. However, 5 samples were positive for anaplasma marginale.