الفهرس 
THE KIDNEYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Kidney functions were similar in low and high protein groups. Patients with kidney function affection had risk factors rather than high protein (e.g sepsis) & their percentage was comparable among the three groups. Cystatin c is more sensitive than Creatinine in detection of early kidney injury. Cystatin C is a serum protein that is filtered out the blood by the kidneys and that serves as a measure of kidney function. Cystatin C is produced by type of nucleated cells in the body. Its low molecular mass allows it to be freely filtered by the glomerular membrane in the kidney, is used as alternative to creatinine and creatinine clearance for screening kidney function in those with known or suspected kidney diseases Weight loss was recorded among three groups. It wasn’t exceed 15% in the three groups but it was less in high protein group.
Rate of infection was comparable in the three groups with no statistical difference.
Blood sugar was better controlled in high protein group as intravenous amino acid stimulate insulin secretion.
Comparing the three groups regarding incidence of metabolic acodosis there was no difference among three groups.
In conclusion, according to our results high protein TPN>2g/kg/day minimize weight loss, improve glycemic control without increasing the risk of metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia or renal impairment.