الفهرس 
Epidemiology, Genetics and counselingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital defect in diaphragm development, which occurs in approximately in 2500- 4000 live births. CDH can be detected during fetal life when screening ultrasonography demonstrates herniation of the intestine and/or liver into the thorax .Polyhydraminosmay lead to antenatal diagnosis in some severe cases. Neonatal symptoms of CDH are heralded by respiratory distress with insufficient oxygenation, excavated abdomen with sternal protrusion and displacement of the heart sounds to the contralateral side , CDH may manifest itself at any age by mild respiratory distress or it can be even be an unexpected finding during a medical check up for other reasons . In these cases hernia sac is more often present .Surgical repair via laparotomy or thoracotomy is the traditional treatment for patients with CDH.The evolution of MIS in pediatric surgery allowed laparoscopic and thoracoscopic repair of neonates and late presenters with CDH. The utilization of MIS approaches have been suggested to be advantageous over traditional open surgery including less pain and wound complications, avoidance of thoracotomy- related sequlae.