الفهرس 
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Abstract
Electromagnetic fields have the ability to control cellular pathways, change cell
morphology and its different electric properties. Thus, they can be used as anti-cancer
therapy by using field intensity and frequency that is able to induce cancer cell apoptosis.
Conventional methods of applying electric fields is by placing, the target organ/
tissue between two oppositely charged electrodes. Magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs)
are considered a new method of applying electric fields. They are a source of both uniform
and non-uniform electric fields. Only few studies address using MENs in biological
application. In these studies MENs were loaded with anti-cancer or anti-HIV drug. Only
one paper used electric field generated by MENs to influence biological activity without
loading a drug.
In the present study, we are aiming to examine if the electric field generated by
MENs as a source of electric field (of uniform and non-uniform field) can affect
histopathology and tissue capacitance of hepatocellular carcinoma. To do so we need to
know the effects of applied MFs and MENs each alone, in order to study the effect when
both applied together. We used two MFs of different intensities and frequencies, so that we
can get electric fields of different intensities and frequencies.
Histopathology confirmed the dysplastic changes of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Each of the MFs and MENs affected histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma in a
different manner. While applying both together lead to unexpected changes, due to the
contribution of the induced EFs. Also the alternating and static MFs didn’t lead to the same
changes, and so did the induced alternating and static EFs.
The capacitance of the control group (HCC) was higher than that of healthy liver, as
many studies showed. Intervention with MFs with and without MENs affected these
values. Results are in line with the histopathological findings except for group F where
histopathology showed severe dysplasia and signs of malignancy, while capacitance values
were lower than other groups of mild-moderate dysplasia, this might be attributed to
degenerative features found in this group.