الفهرس 
Thalassemia syndromes
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Abstract
In beta-thalassemia, there is deficient synthesis of
beta globin, while in α- thalassemia, there is deficient
synthesis of alpha globin. This leads to deficient
hemoglobin accumulation, resulting in hypochromic and
microcytic red cells, ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis,
and a variable degree of anemia (151).
Thalassemia is the most common form of inherited
anemia worldwide. The World Health Organization reports
suggest that about 60,000 infants are born with a major
thalassemia every year. Although individuals originating
from the tropical belt are most at risk, it is a growing global
health problem due to extensive population migrations(6).
Beta-Thalassemia represents a major public health
problem in Egypt. The carrier rate varies between 5.5% to
≥ 9%; it is estimated that there are 1000/1.5 million per
year live births born with β-thalassemia(88).
In spite of optimal treatment being available, only a
few patients can afford it. Unfortunately, most patients
suffer from complications of blood transfusions, mainly
transfusion transmitted viral infections and iron overload.
Prevention by carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis is
needed in populations with high incidence of the disease,
such as Egypt(152).
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The present study aimed to identify beta thalassemia
carriers among secondary school students in rural areas of
El-Gharbia Governorate to be taken in consideration of
prevention program of β-thalassemia and to update
thalassemia carriers data in El-Gharbia governorate.
This study was carried on 500 secondary school
students in rural areas of El.