الفهرس 
Risk factors for diabetic kidney diseaseOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents one of the most important health problems worldwide. The global prevalence of type 2 DM has reached epidemic proportions over the past few years with global rise in the prevalence of obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. Diabetic Kidney Disease is one of the most common complications of DM. The prevalence of DKD is increasing steeply along with the diabetes epidemic. It is the leading cause of ESKD in many countries. It is associated with increased mortality, predominantly from associated CVD. Diabetic Kidney Disease is usually a clinical diagnosis made based on the presence of albuminuria and/or reduced eGFR in the absence of signs or symptoms of other primary causes of kidney damage. The typical presentation of DKD includes a long-standing duration of DM, retinopathy, albuminuria without hematuria, and gradually progressive decline of GFR. However, DKD may be present at diagnosis or without retinopathy in patients with type 2 DM and reduced eGFR without albuminuria has been frequently reported in both type 1 and type 2 DM and is becoming more common over time as the prevalence of DM increases The finding of NDRD disease alone or superimposed on the changes of DN is increasingly reported. It is important to identify NDRD as some forms are treatable, sometimes leading to remission).