الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
One of the main objectives of periodontal therapy is regeneration of the periodontium, including restoration of the alveolar bone defects, lost cementum and lost periodontal ligament caused by periodontitis. Periodontal regeneration of furcation defects is considered one of the most challenging missions in periodontal therapy.
Limitations of most of the current bone grafting materials necessitate search for alternative products. Natural medicine products offer natural and cost-effective intervention to modulate the course of many chronic diseases and help regenerating many living tissues. Propolis is considered one of the natural products proven to have bone regenerative effect. Propolis, or bee glue, is a sticky resinous material made by the Apis mellifera honeybees. Propolis has multiple biological activities as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, healing and regenerative effects.
The present study was conducted to compare the effect of propolis and NanoBone grafting materials on periodontal tissue regeneration at created class II furcation defects. These defects were created in mandibular third and fourth premolars of six adult male Mongrel dogs. The study involved the GTR approach with a split mouth design. 24 class-II furcation defects were surgically created and managed. 12 defects on the right sides were managed using GTR with NanoBone graft and the other 12 defects were treated by GTR with propolis material on the left sides of the same study animals.
Dogs were sacrificed at one and three months intervals and the managed teeth were histologically processed for assessment of the regenerative process outcome. Quantitative analysis using Image J software was used to measure three variables including the newly formed inter-radicular bone height, percentage of formed bone surface area and thickness of formed bone trabeculae. Student-t and paired-t tests were used to determine the statistical differences between the two groups.
The histological and histomorphometric analysis in this study showed highly positive effects of propolis material on periodontal tissue regeneration including bone, cementum and periodontal ligament. These results were comparable to those obtained from the clinically proven osseoconductive and osseoinductive NanoBone graft.
Within the limitations of the present study; it could be concluded that propolis material is biocompatible and can be used as a bone substitute material with highly osseconductive and osseoinductive properties.