الفهرس 
Integrated field studies, remote sensing and GIS approach for monitoring water quality parameters in Bardawil Lagoon, EgyptOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to set a proper management plan for enhancing Bardawil Lagoon’s productivity using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS). The study included four chapters; integrated field studies, RS and GIS approach for monitoring water quality parameters; detecting spatiotemporal changes qualitatively; fisheries and Bardawil management plan.
In chapter one, in situ water measurements combined with Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data were used in geographic information system as a tool in deriving water quality indicators of Bardawil Lagoon for sustainable management. The studied water quality parameters included, salinity (‰), water temperature (C), pH and dissolved oxygen (mg/l). Also, water depth (m) was measured. Results demonstrated that most of water quality parameters were significantly correlated well with OLI reflectance data (R0.50). Stepwise multiple linear regression models (P0.05) were used to quantify water quality dynamics and to prepare digital cartographic maps depicting the spatial distribution of water quality over the entire study area for each date. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms was investigated based on the values of bias and root-mean-square error. Results of this study on applicability of Landsat-8 coupled with GIS for retrieval of water quality indicators are promising.
In chapter two, RS and GIS were integrated in studying the spatiotemporal changes in Bardawil Lagoon qualitatively. On-screen digitization technique was applied upon Landsat TM (1984) and Landsat OLI (2014) to detect changes in Bardawil’s boundary, sandbar, inlets, shoreline and saltpans at scale 1:24000 using ArcGIS 10.1 software. Results indicated that from 1984 to 2014, the overall area of the lagoon decreased about 1.78%. Meanwhile, the area of the western, middle, eastern and Zaranik sandbar increased 4.6%, 5.8%, 5.8% and 922.3% respectively. Change map of artificial inlets (Boughaz I and Boughaz II) revealed sedimentation at the west of the inlets, whereas the east side suffered erosion. The rate of change in Boughaz II was greater than that of Boughaz I. The total length of the shoreline increased about 9.6%. Saltpans increased about 634% in 30 years indicating incredible pressure exerting on land covers in Bardawil Lagoon particularly at Zaranik protectorate. Data from this study can be used in future as a baseline in setting conservation plans.
In chapter three, the lagoon’s fishery status for 21 years from 1994 to 2015 was assessed. Results showed that during 2015, five fishing methods were licensed to operate in Bardawil Lagoon. The trawl net (Kalsa) was prohibited during this year. There are five fish landing ports at Bardawil Lagoon. About 42.58% of the catch landed during the first three fishing months (May, June and July) in 2015. Crustaceans and mugilids dominated the catch most of the year. In 2015, the lagoon’s productivity increased 70.5% attaining 28.5 Kg/Feddan. The total catch of crabs, mugilids, soles, seabass and seabream increased 280.4%, 71.2%, 15.2%, 21.2% and 3.7%, respectively. However, shrimp production decreased 51.6%, which was an expected result after banning trawl net in the same year. Data analysis for the period from 2006 to 2015 indicated that a maximum sustainable yield (3900 Tonnes) of Dabba annual catch could be achieved using 1140 Dabba fishing unit. Whereas, 1112.5 Tonnes could be obtained using 69 El-Bouss fishing unit. The estimated average relative fishing power of Bouss units to Dabba units was 4.32 (±0.49). The main groups of fish and crustaceans suffered overexploitation during the period from 1994 to 2015.
In chapter four, DPSIR framework was applied in association with the Ecosystem Approach, Ecosystem Services and the Societal Benefits in setting a management plan for enhancing Bardawil Lagoon’s productivity. Data collected using field surveys, remote sensing and GIS technique were the backbone in applying DPSIR framework. Analysis of DPSIR framework components for human and natural driving forces enabled us to get proposed policies and societal responses to mitigate the effect of pressures and their impacts. All the proposed responses in this study recommended integrating remote sensing and GIS in monitoring programs to manage and enhance the lagoon’s productivity.
The study reached to recommendations that will help policy makers in managing Bardawil Lagoon to enhance its productivity.