الفهرس 
Introduction to Smart GridsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nowadays, technologies of smart grid have a great interest, and due to depleting of natural oil and fossil fuel reserves, and in an effort to overcome the problems of increasing petrol prices and pollution, the Electric vehicles (EVs) are growing in popularity in developing nations as it is noiseless and smell free, simpler gear system and no cranking handles for vehicle starting. EVs integration to the distribution system is gradually increasing and cause much power problems and more negative impacts.
In this thesis, a proposed and complete strategy is developed for EVs integration in distribution systems. The main core of this strategy is based initially on determining the requirements and modeling of EVs integration study, define the impacts of this integration on system performance, and then finding a method to mitigate these impacts. Accordingly, methods for performance enhancement can found lastly.
The proposed integration strategy implies the following main tasks; first, distribution system development to be able for this integration, then grid-to-vehicle (G2V) analysis for assessing the impacts of EVs integration on system performance when EVs are in charging case. For enhancement, lastly, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) analysis to supporting the system via energy available in EVs batteries.
EVs charging will add extra load on distribution systems, which were not designed originally to accommodate EVs, so a negative impacts on the system performance are appeared. G2V concept deals charging of the EVs and study this impacts. In proposed G2V study, two integration scenarios considered, which are: uncoordinated (uncontrolled) charging and coordinated (controlled) charging. Uncontrolled and random EVs charging can cause many performance impacts for example feeders besides transformers overloading, lower voltage profiles, higher system losses and higher operational and charging cost. While, the controlled and coordinated EVs charging is mitigate this negative impacts in uncoordinated integration.
The V2G concept of EVs lets the power to flow from vehicle to grid. The proposed idea for EVs integration strategy deal with injection of stored available energy from EVs batteries into the distribution system to supporting its operation performance. The developed strategy based on controlled EVs discharging. Simulation results are used to show the enhancement of system performance as voltage profile, daily load curves, and minimization of each of system losses, operational cost, feeders and transformers loading, also maximization of EVs owners profit is achieved.
Finally, as a small version of V2G, Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) study is proposed to supply a home through EV battery and including Home Energy Management (HEM) of intensive loads as: air conditioner, water heater, clothes dryer, and EV to enhance the household load and minimize its peak load and cost.
All analyses in the proposed integration strategy (as a coordinated and uncoordinated G2V study, and V2G study), are simulated with two EVs penetration levels; 30% and 100%, and is implemented on benchmark RBTS-Bus2 test system and ShC-D8 real distribution system in Egypt. Actual real time pricing profile and actual daily load curves are considered in this work. The obtained results are presented then discussed. All the required software and modelling are simulated and developed using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, MATLAB Simulink, and MATLAB m-files as a platform.