الفهرس 
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Abstract
Seventy five bacterial isolates were detected from five pyogenic infections represented boils and abscess in face, tumor in breast , pleural fluid and wound in leg. The highest numbers of G+ve cocci were presented in legs wound and abscess in face being 66.6 and 46.6% respectively among twenty six G +ve cocci isolates.
Five bacterial isolates were identified as S.aureus using general morphological and biochemical assay. They were Gram-positive cocci , appear as opague , smooth and circular colonies in clusters on mannitol salt agar and Baird parker medium as selective medium for S.aureus at 37ºC for 24- 48 hr , catalase positive , β hemolysis, ferment mannitol and coagulase positive after 4 hr incubation and overnight incubation which necessary to obtain reliable results.
All the isolates had no ability to form biofilm using Mtp comparing to positive S.aureus (ATCC29213) and negative control .Also, five bacterial isolates were identified as MSSA S.aureus using Oxacillin disc and Cefoxitine disc.
Most of the S.aureus isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics except the isolate obtained from pleural fluid which exhibits resistant against all the concentrations of Ciprofloxacin , Gentamycin 0.5-5 µg /100 µl and Amikacin 1 µg/100 µl. The MIC of Gentamycin and Amikacin against S.aureus (P.F) were 10 and 2.5 µg /100 µl respectively.
S.aureus isolated from different sources exhibited different inhibition zones for aqueous , methanolic extracts and essential oils of clove but was not sensitive for aqueous extract of mint , thyme , sage , and garlic, methanolic extract of garlic and essential oils of sage.
Clove extracts (essential oil , methanolic and aqueous ) showed good antibacterial activity against all the tested isolates .
Aqueous extract of thyme and sage caused no inhibition , while the corresponding methanolic extract of thyme and sage exhibited high antibacterial activity.
The essential oils of garlic with antibiotics exhibited higher inhibition zones than other tested extracts against isolated S.aureus.
The synergistic relationships between garlic oil extract and lowest inhibition concentration of antibiotics resulted to increase the efficacy of inhibition to 2.4 - 6.4 folds comparing to the standard of antibiotics alone for all the tested S.aureus isolates.
The essential oil of garlic increased the antibacterial activity against the tested isolate, and showed synergistic interaction against S.aureus B.F, A.F and W.L
The essential oil of thyme increased the antibacterial activity against the tested isolate, and showed synergistic interaction against S.aureus T.B and P.F.
Among the protein synthesis inhibitors Gentamycin and Amikacin , whereas, Vancomycin (inhibit cell wall) and Ciprofloxacin (inhibit of DNase gyrase), showed synergism with most phytoextracts. The synergistic depend on plant type, extraction method and the used antibiotic.
Among 149 trials of combination between the lowest concentration of four antibiotics and different phytoextracts with different ratios against five pyogenic bacterial isolates. The combination between gentamycin and garlic essential oil with ratio 1: 3 represent high potent synergism against B.F , A.F and W.L isolates . Wheares, the combination between the same antibiotic and thyme essential oil with 1:3 gave high synergism against P.F and T.B isolates of S.aureus .The combination between garlic Eso + lowest concentration of Gentmycin (1:3) increment the synergism by 6.4, 2.5 and 6.0 fold against B.F , A.F and W.L isolates respectively comparing with standard concentration of gentamycin. On the other hand, using thyme Eso (100 µl/well ) resulted to increase the antibacterial ( IZ ) activity by 2.4 and 4.4 fold comparing with standard gentamycin against P.F and T.B isolates.
The DNA amplicons returned as electropherogram files. Electropherograms showed distinct fragment expected 272bp, for the S.aureus isolate.
The sequence of S.aureus P.F was most closely related to S.aureus accession number KY007579 and KY176381 with bootstrap support (confidence level) of 100% for both accessions.
The 16Sr DNA gene sequencing analysis identified as S. aureus P.F The sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers KY859805.
Direct relationship between the concentration of Garilc Eso and their efficacy against S.aureus (P.F NO. KY859805).Increasing the GEO concentration from 10 µl to 100 µl /well resulted to increment the efficacy from 2.2 to 10, from 0.8 to 3.7 and from 1.0 to 4.5 fold comparing to recommended dose of Gentamycin , Vancomycin and Amikacin alone respectively against S.aureus (P.F NO. KY859805).
The minimum bactericidal concentration of garlic essential oil was recorded at 2 µl/100 μl as it resulted to reduce the count to be 0.04%.
Analysis of garlic essential oil by GC-MS dedicated six sulfur compounds represented 88.86% of total detected compounds in garlic essential oil.