الفهرس 
Genotypes
Definition of sleepOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive
disorder (MDD) have a high rate of co-morbidity, as will as they share
sleep symptoms. More than 70% of individuals with BPD have a
lifetime history of major depression. Conversely, co-morbid BPD has
been diagnosed diagnosed in about 25% of individuals diagnosed with
major depression or dysthymia.
Both BPD and MDD patients complain of sleep disruptions; in BPD
the prevalence of sleep related problems has been reported to range
from 15% to 95.5%, while sleep disturbances are reported by 60 – 90%
of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
The aim of this study is to examine polysomnographic parameters in
borderline personality disorder patients without MDD in comparison
with MDD patients for better understanding of the nature of the
depressive symptoms in BPD. As there is overlapping between both
disorders concerning manifestations, especially, in affective symptoms
and sleep problems, our study is a contribution to several attempts to
answer the difficult question ”is there overlapping between BPD and
MDD in the biological substrate or not?”
The present study included three groups; group I included ten
patients with borderline personality disorder according to DSM-5
diagnostic criteria. group II include ten patients with major depressive
disorders according to DSM-5. group III included ten healthy persons
as a control group.
Concerning group I, four patients were recruited as inpatients from
department of neuro-psychiatry in Tanta University hospital, and the
remainder sex subjects were recruited from outpatient clinic.
Concerning group II, four patients were recruited as inpatients from
department of neuro-psychiatry in Alexandria University hospital, and
two patient were recruited from outpatient clinic of department of
neuro-psychiatry in Tanta University hospital.
Polysomnographic study in borderline personality disorder patients; a comparison with major depressive disorder Summary
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Inclusion criteria were any sex, age between 18 and 60 years old. All
subjects are matched as regards age and sex. Exclusion criteria in all
groups were age above 60 years old and below 18 years old, other
current DSM-5 disorders, comorbid medical or neurological disorders,
and comorbid substance abuse.
All diagnoses were based on DSM-5 criteria. All 20 patients were
assessed with the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS),
and were screened for substance abuse.
Participants were instructed to arrive at the sleep laboratory t at 20:00
each night for electrode montage and preparation.
The 20 patients undergo a psychotropic, antidepressant, and
neurotropic drug washout period for double half-life before the sleep
recordings. All participants were asked to refrain from excessive
caffeine and nicotine before coming to the laboratory.
Patients and controls spent two nights in the sleep laboratory. The
first night served for adaptation to the laboratory procedures and
environment. The first night served for adaptation to the laboratory
procedures and environment.
All subjects were evaluated in an accredited sleep laboratory in
sound- attenuated rooms, monitored by an infrared camera. Nicolet
sleep diagnostic system was used. PSG signals were digitized at a
sampling rate of 512 Hz using a commercial software product (Nicolet
One modular neurodiagnostic software system- nEEG module).
A 12-channel montage was utilized to record the following:
1. EEG (C3-A2, C4-A1, O1-A2, O2-A1)
2. Horizontal and vertical eye movements.
3. Submental and leg electromyogram (left and right anterior
tibial muscles).
4. Electrocardiogram.
Polysomnographic study in borderline pers.