الفهرس 
Fiber chemistryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of pigments for printing of cellulose –containing fabrics has dramatically increased over the last 50 years. Pigments are now used to produce printed textile products of a wide number of end uses such as apparels, home furnishing, crafts and nonwoven articles. Pigments for printing continue to excel due to ease of application on various textile substrates, more design varieties on shorter time together with lower energy and water consumption, meet the demands of fastness properties and regulatory compliance to some extent. However, increasing stringent quality requirements, functionality demands as well as environmental concerns have sparked research and development efforts aimed at enhancing the performance properties, upgrading the functional properties to obtained high quality functionalized pigment prints taking into consideration both the economical and technical feasibility together with minimum environmental negative impacts.
Accordingly to achieve the desirable performance and functional requirements, the original work presented in this thesis was designed to cover:
I. A smart approach to add antibacterial functionality to cellulosic pigment prints.
II. Combined antimicrobial finishing and pigment printing of cotton cellulose / polyester blends.
III. Potential applications of inorganic nano structured materials in functionalization of linen/cotton pigment prints.
Given below are the summary of and conclusions arrived from these studies:
I. A smart approach to add antibacterial functionality to cellulosic pigment prints.
Particular attention in this article has been paid on demonstrating the feasibility of the combined pigment printing and antibacterial finishing of cellulosic fabrics taking in consideration the environmental concerns.
• In conclusion, we have demonstrated a simple, solvent–free, and eco- friendly approach for antibacterial finishing and pigment printing of cotton, linen and viscose fabrics.
• The new approach is based on modification of solvent–free pigment formulation via incorporation of certain bio-active ingredients namely: triclosan based materials, Ag-NP’s/PVP colloid, chitosan and choline chlorid along with other ingredients followed by printing and microwave curing.
• The extent of printability and the improvement in the imparted antibacterial activity of the modified pigment prints are governed by type and concentration of the bio-active agent, type of binder, as well as pigment colorant, in addition to type of cellulosic substrate.
• The modified pigment prints demonstrate a remarkable antibacterial activity against both the G+ve and G-ve bacteria.
• The imparted antibacterial functionalities are highly retained even after 20 washing cycles.
II. Combined antimicrobial finishing and pigment printing of cotton cellulose / polyester blends.
The main goal of the current research is to develop a new and effective printing method for enhancing the antibacterial activity of pigment printed cellulose-containing fabrics via incorporation of certain antibacterial agents such as chitosan, choline chloride, Invasan®, HBPAA/Ag-NP’s and HBPAA/ZnO-NP’s hybrids in the print paste formulations.
• In this work inclusion of pigment printing ingredients along with antibacterial finish auxiliaries into a single print paste formulation to get high quality cotton/polyester pigment prints with a remarkable antibacterial functionality were investigated.
• Higher color strength values along with a better antibacterial activities are obtained in the case of using chitosan (10g/Kg), choline chloride (15g/Kg), triclosan derivative (20g/Kg), HBPAA/Ag-NP’s hybrid (20g/Kg) or HBPAA/ZnO-NP’s hybrid along with other printing paste ingredients followed by microwave irradiation at 386 watt for 5 min.
• The extent of improvement in the printing and antibacterial performance properties is governed by type and concentration of antibacterial auxiliary, type of binding and coloring agent as well as the content of cotton cellulose in the blended substrates.
• After 20 wash cycles, the obtained pigment prints still had a remarkable antibacterial function along with a noticeable color retention and soft handle.
• The observed combined process can be easily adapted on industrial scale.
III. Potential applications of inorganic nano structured materials in functionalization of linen/cotton pigment prints.
The main task of the present work is to find out the proper pigment printing formulations for attaining functionalized Linen/cotton pigment prints using certain inorganic nano-materials.
The present research work demonstrates for the first time the feasibility of enhancing both the functionality and pigment-printability of linen/cotton blended fabric in a one-step process. Obtained results revealed that:
• Incorporation of Ag-NP’s, ZnO-NP’s, ZrO2-NP’s or TiO2-NP’s (at 20g/Kg paste) into the solvent –free pigment print paste results in enhancing both the functionality and printability.
• The enhancement in anti-bacterial functionality is governed by the type of nano-material and follows the descending order: TiO2-NP’s > ZrO2-NP’s > ZnO-NP’s > Ag-NP’s>> None, keeping other parameters fixed.
• The UV-protection capacity of the modified –pigment prints follows the descending order: ZnO-NP’s > TiO2-NP’s > ZrO2-NP’s ≥ Ag-NP’s ≥ None >> unprinted.
• The printing properties, K/S and fastness rating values, are governed by type of binding agent, type of pigment colorant as well as kind of nano-additive.
• The imparted functional properties together with the depth of the obtained pigment prints were also stable and durable toward repeated laundering (20 cycles).
• The developed pigment printing method has industrial potential because very effective and durable antibacterial, anti-UV functionalized linen/cotton pigment prints could be produced via a fairly simple producer.