الفهرس 
Acknowledgements
Indications and contraindications of PCNLOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Renal stone disease is one of the most common problems in urological practice. PCNL is the gold standard treatment for large and complex renal stones. The techniques of PCNL have developed over the last several years especially with miniaturization of instruments and optics which lead to refinement of percutaneous access techniques. This is a descriptive cases series study. Its goal is evaluation of the outcome of PCNL in our center in terms of the efficacy and success rate. The study includes 230 patients their mean age is 37.4years (range;3 -75 years) and 173 (75.2%) of cases are males and 57 (24.8%) are females with male: female ratio 3:1. The primary stone free rate is 70.9% after first session of PCNL but the overall clearance is 87.7% .It is found that stone location, access puncture, number of accesses and operative time are statistically significant factors affecting stone free rate. The overall complications are evident in 13% of patients. Blood transfusion and fever are the commonest complications in our study and represented 7.8% and 4.3% of all patients respectively and about 86.66% of all complications. They were managed by conservative treatment only (Grade I and II). Mean Operative time is 110±30 minute and duration of hospital stay ranges from 2 to 8 days with average 3.8 .days