الفهرس 
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Abstract
Root canal treatment is primarily performed to relieve dental pain . unfortunately some of these procedures may introduce postoperative and interappointment pain in the same treated tooth . the most cause of interappointment pain is acute inflammation of periradicular tissues in response to increase in intensity of injury coming from the root canal system .
Recently single file concept in cleaning and shaping of root canal was introduced to decrease time the consumption. Based on such evidence it was thought that evaluation of the relation between instrumentation kinematics and the motion of files used during cleaning and shaping and amount of extruded debris and their relation with postoperative pain is of value.
The study is divided into 2 parts, one in vivo was dealing with comparing pain after mechanical preparation using one shape file and wave one file and the other in vitro was dealing with comparing amount of debris exruded after mechanical with the two systems.
In vivo part, forty patient with exposed mandibular canines or premolars were divided into groups according system used during treatment (one shape &wave one)and each group was divided into two subgroups according to occlusal reduction then after completing cleaning and shaping, All patients were evaluated for post cleaning and shaping pain by VRS (Verbal Rating Scale )that was explained to patients. The patients checked in a questionnaire indicating the intensity of pain 4 times at 4 h, 8 h, 12 h ,and 24h interval .
In vitro part, twenty extracted mandibular premolars were divided into two equal groups (one shape &wave one ). Canals were then cleaned, shaped and debris extruded during instrumentation were collected into pre weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 37°C for 5 days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed to obtain the final weight of the Eppendorf tubes when the extruded debris will be included.
The data collected were statistically analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student– t test at a significance level of P<0.05 .
Conclusion:
1. There is no direct relation between amount of debris extrusion during cleaning and shaping and postoperative pain.
2. Instrumentation kinematics, & occlusal reduction did not influence the degree of post- operative pain.
3. Whatever is the Niti rotary or reciprocation system used still debris are extruded from apical foramen and still our patients feel pain