الفهرس 
Histology of the kidney
Morphometric studyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 197 |  |  |
| | | from | 197 | | |
Abstract
Introduction; Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a complete lack of insulin, a relative lack of insulin, or insulin resistance. The development of oral insulin administration is very essential for treatment of DM to overcome the problem of daily subcutaneous injections. In diabetic patients, oral administration of insulin can be beneficial not only to alleviate pain and trauma caused by injections, but it can also mimic the physiological fate of insulin as well. Recently, chitosan nanoparticles were used as a carrier for oral insulin delivery.
Aim of the work; The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize oral insulin- chitosan nanoparticles and to compare the effect of both oral and injected insulin on the structure of the kidney in diabetic male albino rats.
Materials and methods; Sixty-five adult male rats were divided into three groups. group I was the control group, group II (Diabetic group). Diabetes was induced by a single intra peritoneal injection of streptozotocin, then rats were subdivided into two subgroups. Subgroup IIa; the animals were sacrificed four weeks after induction of diabetes and Subgroup IIb; the animals were sacrificed six weeks after induction of diabetes.In group III (Treated group), induction of diabetes was done as group II and then the rats were left for four weeks. After that the animals were further subdivided into two equal subgroups. Subgroup IIIa, the animals were treated with subcutaneous insulin injection for two weeks. In subgroup IIIB, the animals were treated with oral insulin loaded on chitosan (CS) nanoparticles for two weeks. Sections of the kidneys were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Morphmetrical measurements and statistical analysis were also done.
Results; group II (IIa&IIb) showed sever affection of the kidney parenchyma which was corresponding to the duration of DM. In group IIIa, the renal parenchyma retained relatively their histological structure although some focal areas were still affected. Subgroup IIIb showed that, the kidney parenchyma appeared more or less comparable to the control group
Conclusion: It is concluded that oral insulin was more effective than injected insulin in controlling blood sugar level and consequently amelioration of the histological changes noticed in diabetic kidneys of albino rat.