الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the work.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A significant association was noticed between cardiovascular risk factors and testosterone in the Framingham study, it was also shown that testosterone modifies cardiovascular risk factors. Moreover, levels of plasma androgens are conversely associated with the risk of atherosclerosis in elderly men.During male aging, serum testosterone level decreases gradually,meanwhile the risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic events starts to rise. Since the aging process begins after puberty, it can be assumed that the decrease in testosterone level begins at a younger age than what was generally expected.
Thus, younger patients with acquired cardiovascular diseases, in particular CAD, may have a lower level of testosterone. A low level of free testosterone (FT) has been shown to be related to the development of premature CAD before the age of 45 years. However, current evidence is still inconclusive and the role of testosterone in premature CAD is not fully understood, emphasizing the serious need for more research on aging process.
Methods:
A total of 90 patients were enrolled, for whom coronary angiography was done, 61 patients with documented CAD, for whom severity of CAD was assessed using Gensini score and clinical vessel score and 29 patients with normal coronary angiography in addition to detailed history, lipid profile and fasting blood suger the levels of free and total testosterone were measured in all patients,
Results:
The level of both total testosterone and free testosterone were significantly lower in CAD group compared to normal group (P value 0.000 for both),there were significant negative correlation between the level of both total and free testosterone levels and Gensini score (P value0.000 for total and 0.001 for free testosterone),
Alsotestosterone levels appeared as a predictor to 3 vessel disease with high sensitivity and specificity.
On analyzing the testosterone levelsas four percentiles, Post Hoc Tests showed that there was a significant difference in Gensini scores between first and both: third and fourth percentiles of total testosterone and a significant difference in Gensini scores between first and fourth percentiles of free testosterone.
Lowtotal and free testosterone levels both weresignificantly associated with boththe presence of CAD and severity of CAD represented by higher incidence of three vessel disease and high Gensini score in those with low compared to high testosterone.