الفهرس 
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Abstract
Approximately 200 million people suffer from T2DM worldwide, and the rapid increase in the prevalence of this disease is likely a result of multiple environmental factors, such as increased food intake and decreased physical activity in genetically predisposed individuals. Patients with T2DM are vulnerable to developing secondary complications like retinopathy, and nephropathy. For that reason, great effort has been made to identify genes associated with T2DM. Recently, many loci were found to be associated with T2DM risk in various populations and ethnic groups as SNP at the TCF7L2 gene locus on chromosome 10q (rs7903146) [C/T]. Thus far, the role of this variant in Egyptians has not been established.
This work aimed to estimate the association of this gene polymorphism in T2DM patients in Egyptian population.
A case-control association study was done, using 90 Egyptian T2DM patients (WHO criteria), selected from the diabetes clinic at Suez Canal University hospital and 100 controls. The TCF7L2 rs7903146 (C/T) polymorphism was genotyped by conventional PCR using two forward primers with variations in their 3’ nucleotides in such a way that each was specific for one of the two variants. They were combined with a common reverse primer into two PCR reactions. Specific amplification indicates the presence of the allele. Laboratory tests including measurement of blood glucose, fasting and 2 hours post-prandial, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and microalbuminuria were performed using standard methods. BMI and fundus examination for detection of diabetic retinopathy were also done for all the study subjects. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 13.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.