الفهرس 
Inflammatory bowel diseasesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most common inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. It is -#99;-#104;-#97;-#114;acterized by -#99;-#104;-#114;onic inflammatory disorders of the colonic mucosa, which starts in the rectum and extends proximally in a continuous manner through a part of or the entire colon. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC remains elusive and seems to be multifactorial, possibly an imbalance in local pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Neutrophil and monocyte influx also occurs with subsequent secretion of oxygen radicals and enzymes, leading to tissue damage. UC may have significant impact on the quality of life and personal burden through reduction in the ability to work. UC patients may require life-long treatment and have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Current treatments of UC have many side effects and with high cost, which limits the long-term application. Hence, efforts have been unfailingly expended to recognize more safer treatments to control the disease. Previous studies showed an anti-inflammatory effect of roflumilast (Rof) accompanied by a tolerable profile compared to earlier PDE4 inhibitors. It decreases inflammatory response in several disease models. Rof treatment inhibited inflammation and reduced leukocyte infiltration to lung and prevented liver injury.