الفهرس 
Anatomy of the BreastOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Duct ectasia is the disease that contributes for about 5.5% of all breast diseases that can be treated by surgery. It is represented by nipple discharge, nipple inversion and retraction and mastalgia. These symptoms are due to stagnation of the ductal discharge inside the mammary ducts, which is a predisposing factor for the chronic inflammatory reactions that causes periductal inflammatory reaction.
The complications of the duct ectasia are mainly the retro-areolar cysts, breast abscess and mammary duct fistula. These occur due to the spread of infection to the stagnant intra-ductal discharge.
The goal of optimal treatment of duct ectasia is to relief the complaint of patients and to prevent the complications that may occur as a result of the disease.
In order to diagnose the duct ectasia, which is mainly diagnosed clinically, malignancy or any other breast disease that may give similar complaints must be excluded. Investigations had been performed to play this exclusive rule; either by mammography, breast ultrasound, and nipple discharge culture and sensitivity and nipple discharge cytology and Benzedine test.
Ductography had been done for academic research, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this invasive technique in excluding the intra-ductal papillomatosis (epitheliosis). It is proved that there is no need for the ductography as a diagnostic tool for the duct ectasia or for the exclusion of the associated lesions.
There are several techniques for treatment of duct ectasia, including the Hadfield technique, the Serivastava modification of Hadfield technique and the new Anous technique as well as the infra-mammary approach.
In this study, a comparative study of the effectiveness of two different techniques in treating the duct ectasia was done taking in consideration avoiding the postoperative complications. The evaluation was based on a randomized prospective study that compared all the patients in the pre and postoperative periods. The study compared 10 patients treated with the Hadfield’s, versus 10 patients treated with the inframammary technique.
In conclusion, the new technique is a reliable surgical approach for the treatment of duct ectasia with the minimal postoperative complications, Although this was a pilot study that should have been supported by a larger number of cases in the comparative study, we can tell that the inframammary approach is superior to the classical approach for major duct excision since it can achieve duct excision while preserving the sensory nerve supply as well as the blood supply of the nipple and areola complex with the normal projection of the nipple and is therefore associated with a higher patients satisfaction while the classical approach is still superior as regards the postoperative seroma and wound infection as well as much less recurrence rates.