الفهرس 
Normal Breast AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women. One in every 100 deaths worldwide and one in every 15 cancer deaths were due to breast cancer. Digital Mammography is the gold-standard method of breast imaging; however it is not an optimal differentiating tool between benign & malignant breast masses, especially in cases of dense breast parenchyma. Our aim was to differentiate between malignant & benign breast masses in patient complaining of breast mass. Dual-energy CESM presents the unique ability to bring functional information in bilateral exams of the breast with potentially only one contrast agent injection. It offers an immediate availability in the mammography site without new appointment and without loss of time. Furthermore, no special training of the technologist is needed for positioning the patient and for the acquisition of images. Dual-energy CESM examination is well accepted by patients, pleased to have a complete assessment without remaining questionable findings at the end of the day. It is a fast imaging technique that provides a direct correlation with conventional mammograms. In addition, subtracted CESM images are very easy and fast to interpret by the radiologists and to understand by the oncologist and the surgeons; it also may provide a cost-effective alternative to breast MRI for some clinical indications. DE-CESM is a breast imaging technique that provides an additional contrast-enhanced mammogram with a low energy ‘conventional’ mammography as well as high energy mammography with digital subtraction technique, during the same examination session. The enhancement secondary to extravascular iodine accumulation is an effective method that helps to distinguish cancerous breast lesions from benign ones by detecting the degree & pattern of enhancement. Such technique facilitates detection and size measurement of the lesions. In our study we examined 20 cases presented with breast lump, lump with mastalgia & lump with nipple discharge. According to our study masses with an irregular or lobular outline or shape, stronger enhancement was considered as malignant & while masses with regular oval or rounded shape with faint or no enhancement were considered benign, the examination followed by the conventional ultrasound & histopathology that confirmed our mammographic predictions.