الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aimed to formulate cyanocobalamin as buccal bioadhesive formulations in an attempt to provide noninvasive delivery systems with enhanced bioavailability comparable to intramuscular injection (I.M). To achieve this aim.
In conclusion, buccal mucoadhesive tablets and films showed acceptable mechanical properties, mucoadhesion forces, percent cumulative release, optimum swelling profiles and a comparable bioavilabity with commercial injection. The clinical results were supportive and recommended addition of vitamin B12 as a concurrent treatment in cirrhotic patients with high compliance to the new dosage form.