الفهرس 
Introduction
Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer (CRC)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This present study was performed on about 46 male Albino rats about 110-130 grams for each; they were obtained from the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine in Assiut University.The rats were divided into four groups as follows.I-Control group (7 rats): Theyreceived 0.5 ml of 25% DMSO orally once daily.II-DMH group (13 rats): They were given a subcutaneous injection of DMH at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight once weekly for 10 weeks.III- DMH and curcumin group (13 rats):Rats were injected DMH at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight once weekly for 10 weeks andat the same time co-administratedcurcuminorally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight per day (180) for 10 weeks.IV- DMH and curcumin nanoparticle group (13 rats): given a subcutaneous injection of DMH at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight once weekly and oral curcumin nanoparticle at a daily dose 100 mg/kg body weight.After 10 weeks,the rats were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected in tubes containing anticoagulant for plasma separation. Plasma was used for the biochemical assay of MDA, NO, GSH and CEA. Colon tissue samples were collected, homogenized in (0.1M) phosphate buffer and stored at -20 oC for biochemical examination of MDA, NO, GSH. Colon tissue samples were collected on liquid nitrogenthen stored at -80 oCfor assay of caspase-3 mRNA expression. In addition, colon tissue samples were fixed at 10 % neutral buffered formalin forhistopathological examination.The plasma and colon tissue homogenate levels of MDA, NO and GSH for assaying the oxidative stress parameters were measured by colorimetric method. Plasma levels of CEA were assayed by solid phase ELISA. The colon tissue homogenate caspase-3 mRNA expression was assayed by real time PCR. Light microscopy examinations of stained colon tissue section by hematoxylin and eosin was carried.The results of the present study showed that DMH treatment results in increase oxidative stress markers (MDA and NO), CEA and decreased GSH when compared to control group. Curcumin and curcumin nanoparticle treatment to DMH treated rats resulted in a significant decrease in MDA, NO and CEA, and increase in GSH when compared to DMH treated rats.In addition, the present study showed a significant decrease in caspase-3 mRNA expression in DMH treated group when compared to control group. Curcumin and curcumin nanoparticle treatement resulted in significant increase in caspase-3 mRNA expression when compared to DMH treated rats.Histopathological examination of colon of DMH treated rats showed dysplastic changes, hyperplastic changes, hyperchromasia, ulceration and erosion in the lining epithelium of the colon in addition to dense lymphocytic infilteration in the submucosa of the colon when compared to the colon of control group animals, which showed complete healthy colon mucosa, submucosa, musclosa. Curcumin and curcumin nanoparticle treatment to DMH treated rats resulted in decreased hyperplasia, dysplasia, ulceration of mucosa, with some residual of hyperchromasia in colon of curcumin and curcumin nanoparticle treated rats.
The results of the present study conclude that the curcumin and curcumin nanoparticle are good antioxidant agentsthat decrease the plasma and colon tissue MDA and NO asmarkers of oxidative stress and simultaneous increase in the plasma and colon tissue GSH level, and so prevent the effect of oxidative stress in initiation of colon carcinogenesis.In addition, curcumin and curcumin nanoparticle have anticancer effects by causing reduction in CEA level. Curcumin and curcumin nanoparticle have apoptosis enhancing effect by increasing caspase-3 mRNA expression. All these effects, the antioxidant, the anticancer and the apoptosis enhancing effect, help curcumin in the prevention of colon cancer.