الفهرس 
ANATOMY OF THE LIVEROnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The liver is part of the digestive system. It is the largest solid organ in the body. In adults, the liver can weigh up to 1.5 kg. It is in the upper-right abdomen, just under the rib cage and below the diaphragm, the liver has 2 main lobes. The right lobe is larger than the left lobe. Each lobe is divided into segments. The liver makes bile which helps the small intestine to digest and absorb fats, absorbs and metabolizes bilirubin from hemoglobin when red blood cells break down, stores vitamin A, D, E, K and B12 and it filters certain substances from the blood so that they don’t build up and cause damage. Hydatid disease is a very common condition in countries around the Mediterranean. The causative tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus, is present in the dog intestine, ova are ingested by humans and pass in the portal blood to the liver. Is to review the recent modalities available for the diagnosis and treatment of the hepatic hydatid cyst, also to assess sensitivity, safety, efficacy and the possible complication of each modality, further more to recommend the best treatment and plan for the management of the hepatic hydatid disease. Most patients have an asymptomatic disease course. The most important reason for this is the slow growth rate of the cysts (1-5 mm per year). Therefore, symptoms usually develop in adulthood, MR may be performed to confirm the hypothesis of hepatic hydatidosis and visualize the lesion in different planes. It is the best diagnostic investigation to differentiate the cystic component from the others and to demonstrate a biliary tree involvement. It can be performed successfully in up to 90% of patients if a cyst does not have a risky localisation. However, surgery may be impractical in patients with multiple cysts localised in several organs and if surgical facilities are inadequate. The introduction of chemotherapy and of the PAIR technique (puncture - aspiration - injection - respiration) offers an alternative treatment, especially in inoperable patients and for cases with a high surgical risk. Combination therapy using albendazole and praziquantel was found to be effective in the treatment of hydatid cyst. Symptoms improved in large scale of patients as well as the radiological assessment. This combination can be used as an alternative to surgery in disseminated and non-operable cases. Chemotherapy is not the ideal treatment for uncomplicated hydatid liver cyst when used alone, and the level of evidence was too low to help in choosing between radical or conservative treatment. Percutaneous drainage plus albendazole proved to be safe and effective in selected patients.