الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nowadays the time of GNSS or even GNSS static baseline determination is almost out of date for everyday applications. The present trends are to continuously observe and measure using GNSS, install permanent GNSS base stations or networks and provide real time accurate positioning. These networks consist of some control stations which working 24 hours/7days a week, for this reason they are called Continuously Operating Reference Systems. The Continuously Operating Reference System (CORS) is a major technique for establishing regional three dimensional geodetic datums. CORS networks have appeared all over the world, including global large scale networks and regional small scale networks. These networks need to have a geodetic datum, meaning that they must be linked to the available terrestrial reference frames. The classical horizontal datum is defined and extended by the geodetic origin and horizontal control network. Similarly, the three-dimensional coordinate datum is defined and extended by CORS and GNSS networks. The accurate coordinates of these CORS tracking stations are normally determined by utilizing the differential GNSS techniques in the network adjustments integrating with part of the IGS stations whose coordinates are regularly maintained with the realization of the ITRF. To achieve this goal, normally scientific GNSS professional software, like Bernese, GIPSY, and GAMITT is used. The handling of these software needs a very special professionalism, which overburden the cost of establishing the CORS networks. On the other hand, no one can give a definite answer about the capability of commercial software like Trimble Business Center ”TBC”, Leica Geomatic Office ”LGO” and other GNSS manufacture software in getting the CORS coordinates like scientific software. 2:- Research scope: - Using PPP for establishing Geodetic Continuously operating reference stations to be compared with the scientific software. 3:- Research objective: -The main objective of the current thesis is to prove that PPP can be used to process CORS Geodetic networks to achieve that 3 steps were done: Processed by Bernese software Ver.5.2 for 2 weeks of continuous data with 27 IGS surrounding stations. One day, two and three days of the Kuwaiti data were processed by Trimble business center, as a commercial software. One day, two and three days of the Kuwaiti data were processed with PPP of CSRS PPP software. The three different data campaigns of processing show that the differences between Bernese & TBC solution as well as the differences between Bernese and PPP solution, confirmed that PPP differences show more precision than the TBC solution. Also, the minimum & maximum values of the differences tend to be the best with the PPP solution compared with the TBC. The maximum differences between Bernese and PPP solution did not exceed 8 mm. 5:- Summary of Study:-Calculating the differences between Bernese &PPP solution and the differences between Bernese & TBC solution confirmed that PPP differences show more precision than the TBC solution. Also, PPP solution can be compared with the Bernese Solution.