الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dental implant have become a significant aspect of tooth replacement in
prosthodontic treatment. Despite of high success rates, complications and
failures still occur .
Despite the high success rates reported by a vast number of Clinical studies,
early or late implant failures are still unavoidable. Late implant failures are
observed after prosthesis delivery and are mainly related to biomechanical
complications. There is a consensus that, the location and magnitude of
occlusal forces affect the quality and quantity of induced strains and
stresses in all components of the bone-implant prosthesis complex.
The aim of this research was to study the effect of three CAD/CAM crown
materials ( Cerasmart , BioHPP and PMMA ) with two load directions (
vertical and 45o ) on strain transmitted around immediately loaded
implants .
The materials tested in this study represent the different possibilities
encountered in the dental market aiming to provide information about the
appropriate material which produces the least functional load on
immediately loaded implant to fulfil the demands of the patients.
Three implants were embedded in epoxy resin blocks A,B,C. Scanning of
implant abutments was done using CAD/CAM machine . Milling of 30
crowns (n=30) using CERASMART CAD/CAM, BioHPP CAD/CAM and
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Summary
CAD temp blocks as follows:
group (I) : CERASMART crowns (n=10).
group (II) : BioHPP crowns (n=10)
group (III): PMMA crowns (n=10 ).
Each crown of each group was cemented on abutment of its block using
temporary cement .
Loading on each crown was done with two load directions (vertical and
lateral (45o) loading) and strain on each implant was measured using strain
gauge.
Two strain gauges were fixed mesially and distally to the upper part of each
implant and load of 100 N was applied on each crown vertically and at 45o
using special device to put the crowns at angulation of 45 degrees, load
was oriented to touch the central fossa in both cases.
The output readings were analysed using computer software.
The results of strain showed that implants supporting BioHPP crowns
showed statistically significantly higher mean microstrain values than
those supporting CERASMART & PMMA crowns and there was no
statistical significant differences between CERASMART & PMMA in
specimens exposed to vertical and 45o loads.