الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Morad Mohammad Abo-Alesaad Abughamja. Assessment and improvement of some irrigation water characteristics in Fayoum Governorate. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2018.
This study was conducted to assess and evaluate water quality of Qarun lake, Fayoum Governorate, as a result of drainage wastewater. Some important physio-chemical parameters of Qarun lake were evaluated for the criteria of water quality. Water samples were collected from 46 points in Qarun lake with GPS. Sampling was conducted three times over a period of three years from 2015 to 2017. Water quality parameters such as, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percent (SP), macro and micronutrients as well as heavy metals were monitored to determine their status in relation to the health of the water lake ecosystem. The results were then compared to the recommended water quality standards for Egypt and World Health Organization (WHO) with respect to support aquatic life, potable water supply and irrigation.
Water quality index (WQI) reduces the number of parameters used in monitoring water quality to a simple expression in order to facilitate interpretation of the data, allowing public access to water quality data. Values used for different parameters are the mean value of the 46 sites taken from Quron lake during the period from 2014 to 2015 to predict WQI. WQI was calculated by combination of 10 parameters; pH, Cl-, COD, NO3-, NH4+, Alkalinity, Fe, Cr, B and P. The relative weight assigned to each parameters ranged from 1 to 5, based on the important parameters for aquatic life. WQI is one of the most effective tools to communicate information on the quality of water to the concerned citizens and policy makers.
Use geographic information systems (GIS) to investigate the effect of time from 2004 to 2017 on Qarun lake water quality degradation. certain amendments i.e., zeolite and bentonite, enormously abundant natural clay as well as, chitosan, and biochar; natural organic wastes water tested to improve some water characteristics. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effect of contact time, dose of different materials as well as pH on the water characteristics.
The results show that the highest values of water parameters were recorded in the samples taken in 2014 far from the discharge point. Whereas, the lowest ones were in 2017 and in the point near the discharge point due to increase of organic matter in this area. The study revealed that all parameters for water Qarun lake were higher than the permissible limits for aquatic life and irrigation. Water of Qarun lake could be classified as it causes sever problems, while waters of Bahr Yossof was classified within the permissible limits. The results indicated that WQI of Qarun lake deteriorated from the year 2014 to 2015 and could be categorized into Unsuitable class.
The results are analyzed by using the GIS which requires building a network database which is linked to GIS to make benefit from its analysis power and geographical distribution of data across the study area. Maps of each parameter water created using geostatistical (Kriging) approach. The maps shows the water quality index for years (2004, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2017). The database used to keep tracking the physical, chemical, and biological pollutants and archiving their behavior through the time.
Zeolite and bentonite were more effective in the removal of cations Whereas, chitosan and biochar were effective in the removal al of anions with increasing contact time. The removal increased to maximum and then decreased with pH variation from 6 to 9. Also data reveal that removal efficiency of the different ions usually improved on increasing adsorbent doses.
Key words: Wastewater, Water quality index (WQI), GIS-Improvement, Water quality, Zeolite, Bentonite, Chitosan, Biochar.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author wishes to express his deepest gratitude to Prof.Dr. Mahmoud M. Elbordiny Professor of Soil Chemistry, Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ., for modification of the experimental work, valuable advice, generous assistance and writing the manuscript.
Special gratitude to and Dr. Yasser. M. Zakaria Lecturer of soil pedology, Soils Dept., Fac. of Agric., Ain Shams Univ. for suggesting the title and the pre supervision on this study.
Special thanks to colleagues in the Soil Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ. for their assistance and encouragement.
I am sincerely grateful thanks and indebted are due to my family, for their help and kind feeling.