الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: The importance of sleep and the impact of its deprivation on development of brain pathology became a recent subject of interest in medicine. The restorative effect of sleep on the brain and the harmful effects of insomnia have been recently revealed through the discovery of the glymphatic system and its association with sleep. Aim of work: Specific objectives are: To detect histological and apoptotic changes in the neurons and dendrites of the cornu Amonis and the dentate gyrus in sleep deprived rats in comparison to rats with undisturbed sleep pattern (control). To detect deposition of neurotoxic metabolites in cornu Amonis and dentate gyrus in sleep deprived rats in comparison to controls. Methods: Twenty four adult male Albino rats were used in the present experiment, randomly categorized into four equal groups; group A1 served as the control group, group A2 one day sleep deprivation, group A3 three days sleep deprivation and group A4 seven days sleep deprivation. They were deprived of sleep using grid over water method where the animals placed over a grid suspended above tank filled with water with free access to food (rat chew) and water. Hippocampai secimens were collected, processed for paraffin blocks and examined by light microscopy. Results: there were neurodegenerative signs appeared from day one sleep deprivation, increased by day three and prevailed by day seven. It was confirmed by apoptotic changes detected by caspase 3 immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, deposition of beta amyloid appeared in rats deprived of sleep and confirmed by congo red stain.
Conclusion: Adequate sleep is essential for integrity of the newly discovered glymphatic system responsible for clearance of the brain from waste products including the area most involved in learning and memory function; the hippocampus. Recommendations: Further characterization of the glymphatic system in humans are required, it may lead to new therapies and methods of prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Correction of sleep deprivation (SD) could be a viable therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset or slow the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD).