الفهرس 
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Abstract
Deep drawing is one of metal forming processes which can be used in the production of circular and non-circular parts, which are used in many applications and fields such as the automotive industry, aviation, space, household utensils, boiler parts, and electric motor parts. The deep drawing process is classified into drawing process using the blank holder and without it. The drawing operation without it is characterized by the use of less force for forming and so as to simplify the forming equipment used and to reduce the friction forces between the die and the blank.
In this study; the process of deep drawing without blank holder with the aid of lubrication using oil with micro graphite at different weight ratios was considered. To achieve the maximum drawing ratio and less forming force; different lubrication mixes were used with different punch speed to determine the optimum mix which can achieve the highest drawing ratio. The used material was Aluminum 1050 as received with 3mm thickness and different diameters to get different drawing ratios. The study was performed experimentally by the use of a conical die with slope of 45 degree and a diameter of 46 mm, punches with different diameters were used to perform the process either with or without ironing with the diameters of 40, 41, and 42 mm. The used punches were knurled at the start of the punch with length of 45 mm to test the effect of the knurling on the process, only the 40mm diameter punch was fabricated knurled and without knurling. Different punch speeds were selected to test the process at different speeds of 2, 6, and 9 mm/min. The used mixes of graphite with oil were (100% graphite, 50% -50%, 30% -70%, 25% -75%, and 70% -30% of the graphite, 25% -75%, and 100% oil). The specimens were produced as square parts then were turned on the lathe machine, after preparing the circular specimens; annealing process was performed for the specimens for 2 hrs. at 450oC and cooled in the furnace for the room temperature.
The results showed that the best ratio of the synthetic materials (oil-graphite) is (25% -75%) and the best speed of the punch is 9 mm/min which achieved the highest drawing ratio of 2.275. The punches with the diameters 41 and 42 mm were used to test the effect of the mentioned lubrication mixes and punch speeds on the ironing process. The results of the ironing process indicated that the maximum drawing ratio with the aid of the lubrication mixes was 2.38. Also, the maximum drawing ratio with ironing was achieved with lubrication mix of (75% graphite - 25% oil) and punch speed of 9 mm/min.
A theoretical study was carried out and compared with experimental results found that the different between results both Ranges from (4% – 12.5%) This figure shows that there is a similarity between practical experience and theoretical study.