الفهرس 
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Abstract
First, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude and gratefulness to Allah who continues to bless and fill me with hope, faith and patience that enable me to carry out all my daily work.
I am greatly honored to express my thanks and gratitude to Prof. Dr. Mohamed Ragaey Mohamed Hassan, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, for guidance, great help encouragement and his creative support.
I would like to express thanks and gratitude to Prof. Dr. Mamdouh Mohamed Elkaramany, Assistant professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, for his valuable help and advice for me to accomplish this work.
My deep gratitude and appreciation, great thanks to Prof. Dr. Hossam Elsayed Farag, Assistant professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, for his generous help and continuous support throughout this work.
Last but not least, I would like to thank my family for their great help and support and every person who helped me during this work.