الفهرس 
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Abstract
The thesis aimed to investigate the influence of seaweed extracts of S. linifolium and C. sinuosa on thiol compounds particularly glutathione and cysteine in some plants including Cicer arietinum, Cucurbita pepo and Lupinus termis. It was found that Cicer arietinum expressed the highest content of glutathione compared with the other plants. Therefore, Cicer arietinum was chosen as the experimental plants in the present work. Treatment of Cicer arietinum with seaweed extracts of S. linifolium and C. sinuosa resulted in: Increase of reduced, oxidized and the total glutathione content in Cicer leaves. Increase of glutathione and was attributed to the increase of ɣ- glutamyl cysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase activity under the treatment. Increase of glutathione content was correlated with the increase of three amino acids cysteine, glycine and glutamate. Increase of cysteine under treatment with seaweeds and was attributed to the increase in the activities of serine acetyl synthetase (SAT) and O-acetyl-serine sulfhydrase (OASS) which is involved in cysteine biosynthesis. Increase in glycine content after seaweed treatment, which was attributed to the increase in the activity of serine hydroxy methyl transferase, which is responsible for glycine biosynthesis. Increase in glutamate content after treatment with seaweed extracts which may be due to the enhancement the activity of glutamate synthase. Inhibition of the thiol compound under higher concentrations of seaweed extracts and was attributed to the increase of heavy metal concentration as observed from heavy metal analysis of seaweed extracts. Enhancement of Cicer germination, growth, and elevation of protein, total soluble, carbohydrate, ascorbate, and total phenolic contents after treatment with seaweeds is possibly due to the presence of some growth regulators detected in seaweeds extract such as gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins. Increase of antioxidant activity in Cicer leaves using DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 scavenging activity.Analysis of seaweed extracts revealed the presence of some heavy metals such as Mn, Cd and Pb as well as some growth regulates including gibberellins, auxins and cytokinins.