الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bladder cancer is a worldwide health problem, as it is the ninth most common cancer in the world. It is more common in industrial countries than in developing countries and is the 13th leading cause of cancer death among men and women worldwide.
The incidence of bladder cancer has been rising gradually in recent years. Bladder cancer is especially common in Eastern and Southern European countries as well as in Denmark, where smoking has been common. chronic infestation with Schistosoma hematobium explains partly the high prevalence of bladder cancer, particularly the squamous cell type, in Africa and the Middle East. The majority (90–95%) of the bladder carcinomas are urothelial carcinomas (transitional cell carcinomas, TCC).
About 75% of the bladder cancer cases are superficial (i.e most of them invade only the superficial mucosa and are usually well differentiated). Recurrence risk is over 80% during the first year after treatment. About 10–15% of the superficial bladder carcinomas will progress into muscle invasive or metastatic type. According to different studies, the 5-year overall survival rate for patients with muscle invasive disease after radical cystectomy is about 50%.
MMP-9 is increased in tumor tissues, promotes the invasion of malignant cells, regulates tumor growth & metastasis and is associated with a poor overall survival rate. Previous studies have revealed that MMP-9 is involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer.
IL-8 is an angiogenic factor associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis. Previous reports have documented elevated urinary protein levels of IL-8 in subjects with urothelial cell carcinoma.
The study was carried out at the clinical pathology department, faculty of medicine, Minia University. It was conducted on 62 consecutive patients with bladder cancer who were selected from the attendants of the oncology outpatient’s clinics of Minia oncology center, through the period from March 2015 to August 2015. They were 52 males and 10 females, their ages ranged from 30 to 80 years. The study also included 26 apparently healthy volunteers who served as a control group of matched age and sex. Hence the study subjects were divided into the following groups.
The results of this study were summarized as follows:
- Hb concentration was significantly decreased in both groups I and II when compared to group III. There was no significant difference between group I and group II.
- TLC was significantly increased in both groups I and II when compared to group III. There was no significant difference between group I and group II.
- RBG was significantly increased in group I when compared to group III. There was no significant difference between group I and group II and between group II and group III.
- Urea and creatinine were significantly increased when comparing groups I and II with group III. There was no significant difference between group I and group II.
- AST and ALT were significantly increased in group II when compared to group III. There was no significant difference between group I when compared to both group II and group III.
- MMP-9 was significantly increased when comparing both groups I and II with group III. There was no significant difference between group I when compared to group II.
- IL-8 was significantly increased when comparing both groups I and II with group III. There was no significant difference between group I when compared to group II.