الفهرس 
Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36Adenovirus 36 (Ad(Ad(Adv36)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This cross-sectional study included 90 adolescent females aged 12-15 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between visceral obesity, carotid intima-media thickness ―cIMT” and adenovirus 36 in adolescents female. Anthropometric parameters including body weight, height, waist, hip and neck circumferences were measured, and BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHTR) were calculated. According to their body mass index ―BMI”, girls were classified into 3 groups: normal weight group (N=31), overweight group (N=30) and obese group (N=29). Fasting blood sample were collected, then adenovirus36 specific antibodies, fasting blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein) were measured.Then insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were calculated. Visceral obesity was measured by abdominal ultrasound. Both carotid arteries were examined by high-resolution echo-Doppler device to measure carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).
Current study revealed insignificant differences between the different groups in age; which means that the age had no effect on the statistical analysis in current study. Overweight
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/obese girls in addition to girls with visceral obesity had early puberty and menarche.
When the study sample was classified according to their BMI, it was found that the obese group had the highest significant values in temperature, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, all the anthropometric parameters under study (body weight, body height, BMI, WC, HIP C, neck circumference, WHTR and WHR), and visceral fat at xiphi-sterna ( P<0.05). They had the highest significant frequency of tachycardia (31%), DBP hypertension (62.1%), prehypertensive SBP (44.8%), wide WC (86.2%), increased WHTR (65.5%), increased WHR (72.4%). and increased plasma glucose (20%). While the overweight had the highest significant values in systolic blood pressure, visceral fat at umbilicus, and increased CIMT at left carotid and decreased HDL. Moreover, they had the highest significant frequency of SBP hypertension (20%); followed by the obese group (10.3%); visceral obesity at umbilicus (50%), increased HOMA (60%) and decreased HDL (50%).
Girls with visceral obesity had the highest significant values in most of the anthropometric parameters (weight, BMI, WC, HIP C), visceral fat at xiphi-sterna and umbilicus ( P<0.05) , and the lowest significant value in HDL. There were insignificant differences between the 2groups in Temp., HR.
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SBP., DBP, WHR, WHTR, neck circumference, CIMT at right and left carotid , most of the laboratory investigations (fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA and total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL).Moreover, girls with visceral obesity had highly significant higher frequency of wide WC (76.9% versus34.4%), significant higher frequency of decreased HDL (50% versus 37.5%) and increased CIMT at left carotid artery (96.2% versus75%) and insignificant higher frequency of hypertension; both diastolic (34.6% versus 31.2%) and systolic (19.2% versus 7.8%); and SBP pre-hypertension (38.5% versus 25%), WHtR (23.1% versus21.9%) and increase right carotid intima media thickness (84.6% versus 73.4%), increased plasma insulin (30.8% versus20.3%), insulin resistance HOMA (46.2% versus 40.6%) and fasting blood glucose (19.2% versus 6.2%) than those without visceral obesity .While girls without visceral obesity had significant higher frequency of increased LDL (26.6% versus 7.7% ).
Visceral obesity at umbilicus; among total sample; had significant positive correlations with body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, visceral obesity at xiphi sterna and Tanner staging. While it had insignificant correlations with all the clinical characteristics of sample (age, heart rate, blood pressure and temperature) ,CIMT at both right and left carotid arteries, laboratory finding and adenovirus
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cIMT at right and left carotid arteries was increased in all groups under study (classified according to BMI and visceral obesity) with significant differences only in left carotid artery where the overweight group had the highest significant value. Girls with visceral obesity had significant higher risk of increased c-IMT at the left carotid artery (96.2% versus75%), and insignificant at right carotid artery (84.6% versus 73.4%) than girls without visceral obesity.
cIMT at left carotid artery had significant positive correlation with cIMT at right carotid artery and insulin resistance HOMA among total sample and girls with visceral obesity, and total cholesterol among total sample only. It had significant negative correlations with HDL and waist circumference among total sample only. It had insignificant correlations with the others anthropometric measurements, all the clinical characteristics of sample (age, heart rate, blood pressure and temperature), visceral obesity at umbilicus and at xiphi sterna, insulin, glucose, triglycerides and LDL.
Adenovirus was detected among 69.2% of girls with visceral obesity, and 56.2% of girls without visceral obesity, with significant differences between the 2groups using Chi-square test. While it was detected among 69% of normal weight, 60% of overweight and 55.2% of obese girls, with insignificant differences between the 3 groups .
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Adenovirus had significant negative correlations with blood pressure both systolic and diastolic; among total sample and girls with visceral obesity; fasting blood glucose among girls with visceral obesity and neck circumference among total sample. It had significant positive correlation with insulin level among total sample. It had insignificant correlations with visceral obesity at umblicus, and c-IMT at both right and left carotid arteries, HOMA, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL.