الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by raised blood sugar levels. Environmental and genetic factors can affect Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cytokines gene variation and expression is one of these factors which have a role in this metabolic disorder.
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced mainly by Th2 cells and mast cells. IL-4 act as anti-inflammatory molecules with IL-10 and IL-13, they can exert a direct influence on β-cell function and viability. It may protect the human islets cell of the pancreas from cytotoxic damage.
We aimed in the present study to investigate the relationship of polymorphisms of IL-4 and its gene expression level with each other and with clinic laboratory characters among patients with T2DM.
This study enrolled 100 subjects (50 patients with T2DM and 50 healthy control subjects). Laboratory investigations included fasting (FBG) and 2 h postprandial blood sugar (2 h PBG), HBA1c, lipid profile, and renal function tests. Genotyping of IL-4 by VNTR method and gene expression of IL-4 by RT/PCR by real-time PCR.
Patients had significantly higher fasting and 2 h postprandial blood sugar (P < 0.001), HBA1c (P<0.001), LDLc (P < 0.001), TC (P < 0.001), TG (P < 0.001), systolic (P < 0.001) and diastolic BP (P = 0.049) while lower HDLc (P < 0.001) compared with control group while renal function tests (urea and creatinine) were not significant (P > 0.05).