الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is very dangerous for public health. Cd enters in the soil, ground and drinking water via agricultural and industrial activities. So the diet, in general, the primary source of Cd exposure in humans. It induces oxidative stress and may lead to apoptosis and death of the cell.
Cd induces oxidative stress by four steps; a displacement of redox-active metals, depletion of redox scavengers, inhibition of anti-oxidant enzymes and inhibition of the electron transport chain resulting in mitochondrial damage.
Protection of cells from Cd-induced oxidative stress represented by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic defence mechanisms present in the cell. Antioxidants include the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and esterases, molecules such as glutathione (GSH) and trace metals such as selenium and zinc.
Zn is one of the most nutritional factors influencing the metabolism and toxicity of heavy metalsespecially Cd.As intake of zinc induces the synthesis of metallothionein, which help binding and detoxification of cadmium. Also Zinc is an integral part of SOD enzyme.
Se is a well-knownessentialelement that has good protective role against cadmium toxicity as it acts as a cofactor of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase (GPx),which catalyses H2O2 conversiontoH2O and has the ability to alter the distribution of Cd in tissues andinduces binding of the Cd-Se complexes to proteins, which are similar to metallothioneins.