الفهرس 
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Abstract
Acknowledgments
First of all, praise is to Allah, the Merciful, who bestowed me with the patience, and ability to complete this work.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Kamal Sami Abdel Meguid, professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University; for giving me the honor of working under his supervision. I would like to thank him for his continuous support and fatherly encouragement throughout this work and always.
Gratful appreciation and deep thanks are due to Dr. Haytham Abdel Moneim AbdelAti, Lecturer of orthopedic surgery, Faculty of medicine, Fayoum University; for his valuable advices, precise comments and constructive remarks. I would like to thank him for his great and unlimited efforts.
Deepest gratitude is also due to Dr. Ahmed Mahmoud Fouad Elguindy, Lecturer of orthopedic surgery, Faculty of medicine, Fayoum University; I would like to thank him for his unlimited help and time he offered me, and for his invaluable assistance, support and guidance.
Last, but not least, I would like to thank my family for their cooperation, encouragement and patience.
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